Combined harvester

Combine harvesters need full in modern agriculture

1. Combine harvester

2. C ombine harvester ? Is a machine which harvests the grain crops by comprising the three separate operation activities of harvesting. Those are: 1. Reaping { Harvesting } 2. Threshing 3. Winnowing t hese above 3 operations are combined to form a single process in the combine harvester.

3. Combine Harvester is used for which crops? This is used for the crops whose seeds or edible part is at the top of the plant (grains) and the below part which is discarded or left in the field as it is inedible (chaff). Crops like : Paddy, wheat, oats, barley, corn, rye, sorghum, linseed, sunflower, canola and soybean.

4. TYPES

5. According to the source of power used S elf-propelled type PTO operated type/ mount type

6. S elf-propelled type

7. PTO operated type/ mount type

8. According to the movement Wheel type Crawler type

9. Wheel type

10. Crawler type

11. Function of C ombine harvester

12. HOW DOES IT WORKS ?

13. Standing crop Reel Cutter bar Conveyor Threshing drum Sieves Straw walkers Unloader Straw spreader

14. Standing crop Crops  are gathered in by the header at the front, which has a pair of sharp pincers called crop dividers at either end. T he wider the header, the faster and more efficiently a harvester can cut a field. Different headers are used for cutting different crops T he header is often hydraulically powered and can be raised, lowered, and angled in different ways from the cab.

15. Reel { Pickup Reel } This is the first part to touch the standing grain, it holds the grain against the knife. It is a slowly rotating wheel pushes the crops down toward the cutter. The reel has horizontal bars called bats and vertical teeth or tines to grip the plant stalks.

16. Cutter bar Cutter bar  runs the entire length of the header underneath the reel . Its teeth (sometimes called mowing fingers) open and close repeatedly to cut off the crops at their base along a ground level.

17. Conveyor Behind the cutter bar, the cut crops are fed toward the center by spinning augurs (screws) and travel up a  conveyor  to the processing mechanism inside the main part of the combine . It simply does the lifting mechanism of the chaffed plant towards the threshing unit.

18. Threshing unit A threshing drum beats the cut crops to break and shake the grains away from their stalks. Threshing removes the grain or seed from the head or pod.

19. Sieves The crop or threshed material is made to pass through the sieve or separator chamber below to this seed collector or storage is present. The sieves plates keep on shaking so does a seeds to separate and fall down through sieves . The grains fall through sieves into a collecting tank below.

20. Straw walkers The straw(unwanted material) passes along conveyors called straw walkers toward the back of the machine. In some machines the straw are passed through the chaffer machine to cut the inedible part into smaller pieces. Then passed to the chaffer extension or straw spreader

21. Unloader When the grain tank is full, a tractor with a trailer on the back pulls alongside the combine. The grain is carried up from the tank by an elevator and shoots out of a side pipe (sometimes called the unloader) into the trailer . The unloader pipe height can be adjusted.

22. Straw spreader The unwanted straw chaff tumbles from the back of the machine. Some combines have a rotating spreader mechanism that throws the straw over a wide area. Sometimes the straw is baled up by a baling machine and used for animal bedding.

23. BEFORE OPERATING COMBINE HARVESTER Before operating the combine harvester in field we should check the followings in the field: Field condition Crop condition Moisture content Height of cutting

24. Ideal requirement’s of a perfect Combine harvester Less broken grains No grain loss on the ground at the cutter bar end No grain losses at the back end of the harvesting unit No un-thrashed grain Should give clean grains Machine should be capable of operation on crop even with higher moisture content Machine should be capable of working on various crops Easy to operate Easy to maintain Should consume less fuel

25. Constraints of using the combine harvester in India The constraints can be classified or divided into four groups they are: Farmer constraints Farm constraints Crop constraints Equipment's constraints

26. Farmer constraints Low income Low investing capacity Reluctance to change traditional methods Poor mechanical aptitude

27. Farmer constraints Small farm holdings Small plots with high bunds Inadequate ground support for harvesting equipments Lack of access road to the fields

28. Crop constraints High moisture content at harvesting time Uneven ripening Severe lodging and high shattering tendency of local variety Low grain / panicle-straw ratio

29. Equipment's constraints Lack of functionality of machines regarding operation and maintainance skills Difficult to change the operational practices of farmers for operating indigenous tools High cost of imported equipments

30. paddy combine harvester

31. Sugarcane combine harvester

32. Soybean combine harvester

33. maize combine harvester

34. Manufacturing companies of combine harvesters TAFE MAHINDRA JOHN DEERE FORCE MOTORS RENAULT SONALIKA INTERNATIONAL SWARAJ EICHER MOTORS STANDARD

35. Mini combine harvester

36. PADDY MINI COMBINE HARVSTER SUGARCANE MINI COMBINE HARVESTER

37. Features of mini combined harvester Light weight, low ground pressure and reliable field moving Stable quality for special harvester gearbox Easy to maintain Convenient to operate Suitable for hilly land and small field Less cost and consumes less fuel than combine harvesters

38. Thank you Submitted to Dr. JANARDAN KAMBALE ASST. Prof Dept. of Agricultural Engineering