commercial fertilizer

Its all about commercial fertilizer in india

1. A Presentation on COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS Presented By HARAMOHAN RATH[M.Sc .(agronomy)

2. Definition Fertilizers are natural or synthetic materials (solid, liquid or gas) containing one or more nutrients elements in the form of chemical compounds of organic or inorganic origin which are added to soil to supply certain element essential to the plant growth. Specially the term ‘Fertilizer’ refers to the commercial products produced in a chemical factory.They are regarded as concentrated plant food which upon application to soil dissolve completely or sparingly in the soil water system and release the nutrients in ionic form which are absorbed by the plants. FERTILIZER

3. HISTORY OF FERTILIZER PRODUCTION Use of ground bones as fertilizerwas practised in England in the 17 th century. In the united states of America, its use started in 1825. A fertilizer by the name Peruvian guano(sodium nitrate) was discovered by Grman botanist , Humboldt in 1802, and its mining started in Europe. In 1842, john B. Lawes took a patent to manufacture a fertilizer which he called ‘ Superphosphate’ by treating coprolites with sulphuric acid. This may be considered as the first commercially successful venture of fertilizer production German potassium salts were first used as a fertilizer around 1860. Mixed fertilizers were produced in the USA in 1849. In india , the use of commercial manure and fertilizer trace back to vedic period. Systematic research in fertilizing crop started after establishment of Imperial agricultural research Institute at Pusa , Bihar in 1905. The use of commercial fertilizer touched the peak during the green revolution.

4. CLASSIFICATION OF FERTILIZERS 1.Straight Fertilizer : Such fertilizer has declarable content of only one major nutrients. e.g. urea, ammonium sulphate . 2. Compound Fertilizer : Such Fertillizers has a declarable content of atleast two of the major nutrients obtained chemically and generally granular in form. e.g. Nitrophosphate , Ammonium phosphate and Diammonium phosphate(DAP ) 3. Mixed Fertilizer : Indivisual or straight fertilizer materials are blended together physically to permit application in the field in one operation. Such fertilizer supply two or three major nutrients in a definite proportion or grade. e.g. Nitrophosphate with Potash, 15 : 15 : 15 of NPK

5. => Primary Nutrients:   # . Nitrogenous Fertilizer : It is available in following forms a.Nitrate Fertilizer b.Ammoniacal Fertilizer c. Ammonium and nirate fertilizer d. Amide Fertilizer Commonly used nitrogenous fertilizers are as follows 1. Sodium nitrate : It contains is 16%N. Its continuous and abundant use causevdefloculation and develop a bad physical condition in low rainfall regions. 2. Ammonium sulphate :It contains 20.6%N AND 24% S. Continuous use increases acidity in soil. 3. Ammonium nitrate : It contains 33-35%N . Highly hygroscopic and not fit for storage, liable to explode. 4. Ammonium sulphate nitrate : It contains 26%N & 15%S 5. Calcium mmonium nitrate (CAN) : It is a neutral fertilizer also known as Kishan Khad . It contains 25%N 6. Urea : It contains 46%N.It is the mostly used fertilizer of india due due cheap cost and higher nutrient content. It is hygroscopic in nature. 7. Aqueous ammonia : It contains 80%N. used as fertigation i.e. in irrigation water.

6. # Phosphatic Fertilizer : It is available in following forms a. Water soluble :Such fertilizers are used for quick response and short duration like wheat for neutral and alkaline soils e.g. I. Super phosphate 1 Single super phosphate : 16-20% P2O5 2. Double super phosphate : 32% P2O5 3. Tripple super phosphate : 46- 48 % P2O5 II. Monoammonium Phosphate (MAP ) : 12%N & 48% P2O5. III. Diammonium phosphate (DAP ) :16-48-0, 18-46-0 (N-P2O5-K2O)   b. Citrate soluble (but water insoluble) : [Ca2H2(PO4) or Ca2(HPO4)2 used in acid soils, for long duration crops like sugarcane, low land ric , tapioca & tea]. E.g. 1. Dicalcium Phosphate : 33-40 % P2O5 2. Basic Slag : 14-18% P2O5 3. Rhemania Phosphate : 23-26%P2O5   c. Citrate and water insoluble : Ca3(PO4)2, Tricalcium phosphate used in strongly acid soils and suitable for plantation crops e.g. 1.Rock Phosphate : 20-30% P2O5 2.Raw Bone meal : 3-4%N + 20-25% P2O5 3. Steamed bonemeal : 1-2% + 20-30% P2O5

7. # Potassic Fertilizers Popularly used potassic ertilizers are as follows 1 Muriate of potash(MOP) :60% K2O [Most commonly used potassic fertilizer.] 2 Potassium sulphate(K2SO4) : 48-52% K2O [It is suitable for light soil nd for those crops for which MOP Is unsuitable] 3 Potassium nitrate(KNO3) :13%N + 44%K2O [It is mainly used for fruit trees and crops such as tobacco and vegetables.}  

8. S. No Fertilizer Ca% Mg% S% Others% 1 Gypsum(CaSO4.2 H2O) 29.2 - 18.6 - 2 Rock phosphate 33.1 - - 25.2 P2O5 3 SSP 19.5 - 12.5 16 P2O5 4 MgSo4 7 H2O(Epsom salt) - 9.6 13.0 - 5 Pot. Sulphate - - 17.5 48(K2O) 6 Amm. Sulphate - - 24.2 21(N) 7 Basic Slag - - 3 15.6(P2O5) 8 CuSO4 - - 11.4 21(Cu) 9 Fe SO4 - - 18.8 32.8(Fe) 10 ZnSO4 - - 17.8 (or 15) 36.4(Zn) 11 FeS2 Iron pyrite - - 22-24 - 12 Borax (Na2B4O7.10H20) - - - 10.6%B =>Secondary Fertilizers

9.   >> Micronutrient fertilizers Popularly used micronutrients are shown in table-1 also. Some of the metallic micronutrients salts when applied to soil, are transformed into non-available forms due to their reactivity Organic compounds like EDTA ( Ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid), DTPA (Diethylene triamine penta acetic acid), CDTA (Cyclohexane diamine tetraacetic acid) act as chelating compound that loosely held nutrients and make it available to plants.

10. Other fertilizers

11. Terms associated with commercial fertilizers Complete Fertilizer : It is having all the three primary major nutrients viz N, P & K. Incomplete Fertilizer : It is containing any two primary nutrients. Low-analysis Fertilizers : It is having less than 25% of the primary nutrients e.g. SSP(16%P2O5) High-analysis Fertilizer : It contains more than 25% of the total primary nutrient content e.g. Urea Fertilizer grade : It refers to the guaranteed analysis of its plant nutrients . It is the minimum guarantee of the plant nutrient contents in the terms of N , available P2O5 and K20 e.g. 6:24:24 Fertilizer Ratio : It refers to the relative percentage of N, P2O5 and K2O i.e. 1:4:4 if fertilizer grade is 6:24:24.  

12. Associated institute and ministry Production Fertilzer association of india Minstry of chemical and fertilizer Quality check Central fertilizer quality control and training institute, Faridabad Minstry of agriculture and farmer welfare Govt of india FERTILIZER DEMAND IN INDIA(in Lakh Tonnes) Facts and figures year N P K Total N P Total N P K total 2013-14 165.25 54.58 19.76 239.59 123.78 37.14 160.94 38.08 15.9 13.33 67.31 CONSUMPTION PRODUCTION IMPORT

13. REFERENCES REDDY. G.S., REDDY. Y. L. Principle of Agronomy ISSS. NAS complex , new Delhi. Fundamentals of soil science Katyayan . A. Fundamentals of Agriculture (vol.1).