Commercial shipping

It is designed to give an overall understanding of the elements of Passenger Shipping to include information on the evolution/history of passenger shipping, the logistics of passenger shipping, the intermodal linkages of passenger shipping as well as the marketing of passenger shipping.

1. PASSENGER SHIPS

2. Presenter Name: Shanique Elliott

3. Purpose This presentation is designed to give students a overall understanding of Passenger Shipping and what it entails. It will also provide students with the basic knowledge of the evolution, logistics, intermodal linkages and the marketing of passenger shipping as well as a brief introduction to SOLAS and how it related to passenger shipping.

4. Objectives What is Passenger Shipping. Outline the evolution of Passenger Shipping. Describe the logistics of Passenger Shipping. Identify the Intermodal Linkages in Passenger Shipping. Explain the Marketing of Passenger Shipping. Explain how SOLAS is related to Passenger.

5. questions What is a Passenger Ship? How many types of passenger ships are there?

6. Definition of Passenger Shipping According to the International Maritime Organization, Passenger ships are usually defined as a ship carrying more than 12 passengers - on international voyages must comply with all relevant IMO regulations, including those in the SOLAS and Load Lines Conventions.

7. Passenger Shipping In contrast to an ocean liner that transports passengers from one point on the globe to the other often across the oceans, a cruise ship or a cruise liner as it is known by most, takes the people on board to a round trip that is of varied duration, from a single day to possibly a week and culminates at the originating port.

8. Characteristics of a passenger ship Fitted with amenities and facilities supporting modern luxury requirements Large draft Machinery space at the lower deck Cruises at speed comfortable to passengers

9. Characteristics cont’d Modern vessel fitted with (safety features, luxury and stability features) Cargo (Passengers), vessel divided in accommodation areas, Speed of up to 20 knots Able to berth with limited assistance despite its size

10. Passenger Shipping Evolution The last century has seen incredible changes in all facets of the shipping industry. One area in which the trade has not only been changed, but essentially redefined, has been the carriage of passengers by sea. This has resulted in a dynamic where the industry, while inventing a new domain of business, has had to innovate new solutions to challenges of their own making

11. Origin of Passenger Ships The earliest ocean-going vessels were not primarily concerned with passengers, but rather with the cargo that they could carry. Black Ball Line in New York in 1818, was the first shipping company to offer regularly scheduled service from the United States to England and to be concerned with the comfort of their passengers.

12. Logistics of Passenger Shipping For every voyage, the “behind the scenes” cruise logistics extend beyond compliance and literally reach into every corner of these enormous vessels, and out into the regions where they operate, and to the people they employ and the customers that they serve. Everything from inbound and outbound supply management to the distribution of finished goods to the landing process has to be meticulously orchestrated and managed in the most seamless manner possible.

13. Major functions that happen before and after Cruises Global sea and air freight Inbound and outbound supply management Complete supply chain visibility for both dry and temperature-controlled cargo Food and beverage, hotel, and technical supplier management Warehousing and distribution of all food and supplies (including dry, temperature-controlled, and high value)

14. Purchase order management Complete inventory visibility Shipside and pier-side deliveries Pier coordination Crew mail collection and distribution Vessel offloading/reverse logistics Passenger gift bag procurement and coordination Moving and staging equipment for onboard entertainers

15. Coordination of goods for turnaround days Emergency resupplies Logistics management for ship overhauls in dry dock and getting new ships into the water

16. Intermodal Linkages in Passenger Shipping Intermodal transportation refers to movements of passengers or freight from point of origin to its destination relying on several modes of transportation. These mode include but not limited ferries, ocean liner, cruise ships (Dr Jean –Paul Rodriguez and Dr Brian Slack) Ocean liner: This mode of transportation speaks to the movement of passenger from point of origin to point of destination, which typically are passenger or passenger-cargo vessels transporting passengers and often times cargo on longer line voyages

17. Ferries : Also called water taxi/bus which is vessels for day to day or overnight short-sea trips moving passengers and vehicles, ferries are located in waterside cities and Island providing direct transit at a cost much cheaper than other modes of transportation. Cruise Ships : which often transport passengers on round-trips, in which the trip itself and the attractions of the ship and ports visited are the principal which usually where it all s started.

18. Advantages It provides a much better value proposition when considering factors like government policies, fuel cost and roadway restrictions which can slow down the transportation process Intermodal shipping can be linked to lower costs, more predictable pricing , loading flexibility make it more advantageous than other modes of transportation

19. Disadvantages Speed. In some cases in exchange for lower costs, speed is often times given up. For example choosing to transport heavier cargo via ship rather than plane might be cost effective e.g fuel costs but it can make delivery time slower. High infrastructure cost. While equipment are being standardized to allow for easier hand off between the different links this also leads to acquiring specific equipment suited to these tasks.

20. Intermodal Linkages in the future It supports the environmental effort of “going green “. By using different modes of transportation and in turn the types of fuels used can limit pollutants. Likewise using different sources of renewable energy . Helps to build good relationships with different countries. Whether its opening different route channels or forming special partnerships it has many soci -economic benefits to be enjoyed by all parties. With each form of transportation used we are able to keep improving on the equipments used. As technology develops overtime so too can the equipment used to provide higher outputs with less wastage.

21. Marketing of Passenger Shipping Definition According to the American Marketing Association, marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.

22. Concerns of Marketers 4 P’s of Marketing There are four main concerns that a marketer will consider when preparing to sell or distribute a product. These are called the 4 p’s of marketing.

23. Price is the amount the vender is willing to sell for that the customer will want to purchase the goods or services at. Product is the type of goods or service that is being provided and knowing if there is a demand for it. Promotion is the medium to which the vender will choose to use to get the attention of their target audience as well as to keep the attention of those who are already purchasing their goods and services. Place is the distribution channel or the logistics of marketing a product or service.

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26. SOLAS According to the International Maritime Organization, “The SOLAS Convention in its successive forms is generally regarded as the most important of all international treaties concerning the safety of merchant ships. The first version was adopted in 1914, in response to the Titanic disaster, the second in 1929, the third in 1948, and the fourth in 1960. The 1974 version includes the tacit acceptance procedure - which provides that an amendment shall enter into force on a specified date unless, before that date, objections to the amendment are received from an agreed number of Parties”. (Safety and environmental standards on passenger ships, n.d.)

27. SOLAS CONT’D The  Titanic  disaster of 1912 led to the first SOLAS treaty being adopted and there have been many revisions to regulations since then, both in response to major incidents and because of a pro-active approach to keeping the regulations up-to-date. The SOLAS treaty applies to passenger ships carrying more than 12 passengers on international voyages. But IMO has also been working with countries to address the safety of so-called non-SOLAS ships, including developing model legislation and guidance.  

28. Reference