Common breast clinical based cases in Tanzania.pptx

Descriptive

1. Different breast conditions seen at breast clinic Presenter : Dr Mziray

2. outlines Benign conditions malignancies

3. Benign conditions Breast Cysts; Cysts within the breast are fluid-filled, epithelium-lined cavities that may vary in size from microscopic to large, palpable masses containing as much as 20 to 30 mL of fluid. O currence1:14 women. Age >35, declines at menopause Influenced by ovarian hormone and exogenous hormone at menopause.

4. Investigations ; Uss Aspiration Mnx ; Aspiration

5. Fibroadenoma and Related Tumors These are benign solid tumours. Is the 2 nd most common tumour after carcinomas most common tumor in women younger than 30 years. Are well capsulated Well differentiated from cysts by uss

6. Treatment ; Imaging, core biopsy. excision

7. Hamartoma and Adenoma These lesions are benign proliferations of variable amounts of epithelium and stromal supporting tissue. Mammographically and physical examination harmatomas can not be differentiated from fibroadenoma . Treatment as fibroadenoma .

8. Breast Abscess and Infections Infections of the breast fall into two general categories, lactational infections and chronic subareolar infections associated with duct ectasia .

9. Lactational infections are thought to arise from entry of bacteria through the nipple into the duct system and are characterized by fever, leukocytosis , erythema , and tenderness. Infections are most often due to Staphylococcus aureus and may be manifested as cellulitis , termed mastitis, or as abscesses.

10. Treated with antibiotics and emptying of the breast. True abscess need I&D

11. In non lactating women, the condition arise from subareola duct of the breast.(AKA periductal mastitis or duct ectasia ) Often mixed infection Smoking and diabetes has an association Palpable mass and mammographic findings may mimic carcinoma.

12. Treatment; antibiotics Surgical incision and drainage.

13. Papillomas and Papillomatosis Solitary intraductal papillomas are true polyps of epithelium-lined breast ducts Often less than 1 cm, but may be as long as 4-5cm. Often present as bloody nipple discharge Treatment; excision ( circum areolar incision)

14. Sclerosing Adenosis Adenosis refers to an increased number of small terminal ductules or acini . May stimulate carcinoma

15. Fat Necrosis Fat necrosis may follow an episode of trauma to the breast, but frequently there is no history of trauma. Histologically , the lesion is composed of lipid laden macrophages, scar tissue, and chronic inflammatory cells. This lesion has no malignant potential.

16. Breast cancer