common disaster including earthquake and tsunami

eq and tsunami

1. II. Outline of Cambodia 1 ASIA Map Cambodia Japan Geography Located in Southeast Asia, n estled between Thailand to the west and northwest, Laos to the north, Vietnam to the east and south, and to the Gulf of Thailand to the Southwest The heart of Indochina peninsula Total Area Approximately 181,035 square kilometers (69,898 square miles) Population Around 18 million people (estimated in 2024) Other Characteristics Language: Khmer Currency: Khmer Riel ( ៛ ) Religion: Buddhism

2. II. Outline of Cambodia 2 ANGKOR WAT, A UNESCO World Heritage Major Cities Phnom Penh (Capital City) Siem Reap Battambang Sihanouk Ville Trending Cities for Construction Investment Phnom Penh (Capital City) Sihanouk Ville (Coastal city) Bavet (eastern city by Cambodia-Vietnam border) Poipet City (western city by Cambodia-Thailand border) Beautiful beaches in the world, Sihanouk ville , Koh Rong, Koh Rong Sanleom Wat Phnom, Symbol of Phnom Penh Capital City Bavet PoiPet Battambang Sihanouk Ville Phnom Penh Siemreap Colonial buildings in Battambang

3. III. Outline of risks of disaster of Cambodia 3 Possible Risks Fire Collapses Twitching Wind/Storms Heaviest Damages Fire incident in the buildings Building collapses during construction due to non-compliance method of statement and strong winds. Major collapse during Construction in Sihanouk Ville in June, 2019 Fire on Casino in PoiPet in December, 2022 Collapse during construction due to strong winds in Svay Rieng in May, 2024 Subsequent major collapse during Construction in Kep in January , 2020

4. III. Outline of risks of disaster of Cambodia 4 The WING Tower, a new and modern building rising next to an old five-story building in Phnom Penh Future Risk Hazardous buildings Structural safety failure Fire safety failure Stalled buildings in Sihanouk Ville

5. Popular Construction Method For houses of low-income and middle-income people Wood, concrete for columns None, bamboo, wood, lean concrete for floor Wood, bamboo, red clay brick, interlocking brick for wall Thatch, tile, zinc for roof For buildings of the 4-6 story range Concrete, steel for columns Tile for floor Brick, concrete, glass for wall Terrace, tile for roof For buildings of 20 stories and over Concrete, steel for columns Tile for floor Brick, concrete, glass for wall Terrace, tile for roof 5 IV. Outline of the buildings in Cambodia IV. Outline of the buildings in Cambodia

6. V. Issues 6

7. Certification Work conducted based on Building Technical Regulation The certifier shall follow the building technical regulations and other existing provisions in carrying out their work. In the case where there is no building technical regulation for a construction work, the certifier shall, at the selection of the designer or contractor or construction laboratory , follow one of the building technical standards recognized regionally or internationally and shall certify the parts that are related to the construction safety only. In such case, the certifier shall assure his/her knowledge in executing the concerned standard in the certification report. New system adopted in Cambodia’s Construction Law in 2019 Certification 7

8. The Certification in Construction Work 8

9. As Cambodia just adopted Construction Law in 2019, there must be many issues left to be solved, and many challenges to make both existing and newly built buildings conform to the law and related regulations. By now, Cambodia faces many challenges in the construction sector including: Building without building permit , site opening permit, site closing permit and certificate of occupancy. Mandatory inspections during construction have not been conducted by the authorized agencies yet. No regular quality control has been conducted. No national building code and non-compliant designs . MEP design is still not​ yet required to grant building permit. The construction works do not comply with the approved drawing and technical specification. 9 Challenges