COMMON DISEASES PERIOPERATIVE THEATRE TECHNOLOGY.pptx

Health is any state of wellness, physically, mentally and socially and not merely the absence of a disease. To understand a disease we need to know it's modes of transmission to prevent spread and find a cure.

1. Modes of transmission Common diseases

2. Infectious process The infectious process of a specific disease can be described by the following components, which constitute of the chain of disease transmission. The agent Its reservoirs Portal of exit Mode of transmission Portals of entry Human host

3. The agent This is the causative agent of the disease, it can be : Bacteria Viral Parasite Fungi etc.

4. reservoirs This is the organism or habitat where the infectious agent normally lives, transforms, develops and or multiplies They can be humans, animals, plants etc. A carrier is a person who does not have the apparent clinical disease but is a potential source of infection to other people. Zoonosis refer to diseases transmitted to human beings from animals e.g. rabies.

5. portal of exit This is the way the infectious agent leaves the reservoir They include: body secretions and discharges i.e.: mucus, saliva, tears, breast milk, excretions, blood and tissues.

6. Modes of transmission DIRECT TRANSMISSION Direct contact: there is skin, mucosa or conjunctiva contact via touching, kissing, biting, birth, sexual contact e.g. rabies. Direct projection: transmission by projection of saliva droplets during coughing , sneezing, singing, spitting or talking e.g. common cold. Trans placental: transmission from mother to fetus through the placentas e.g. syphilis.

7. Cont ’ INDIRECT TRANSMISSION Airborne: transmitted by air droplets e.g. tuberculosis Vector transmission: The infectious agent is conveyed by an arthropod to a host. Vectors may be biological or mechanical. Biological the agent multiplies in the vector before transmission. Mechanical vector: the vector is directly infective without any further development or multiplication.

8. . Vehicle borne( formite )- transmission through indirect contact with inanimate object formites e.g. bedsheets, towels, toys or surgical instruments.

9. Portal entry This is site where an infectious agent enters a susceptible host. Example: nasal mucosa is of entry for common cold conjunctiva is the portal of entry for trachoma.

10. Susceptible human host This is the human host who has factors that predispose them to acquiring the disease.

11. NON- COMMUNICABLE DISEASE These are diseases that are not transmissible directly from one person to the other.

12. TYPES OF NCDs Cardiovascular diseases: heart attack. (19 million deaths in 2021) Cancers e.g. lymphomas (10 million). Chronic respiratory diseases e.g. COPD (4 million) Diabetes (2 million)

13. Cont ’ RISK FACTORS INCLUDE: Tobacco use. Physical inactivity Alcohol abuse Unhealthy diets Air pollution Sedentary lifestyles.

14. EXAMPLES: Cancer Diabetes Heart Disease Chronic Lung Disease. Alzheimer’s Disease Hypertension Asthma Etc.