Common effluent treatment plant

WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT

1. K.K. Environment Solutions (Promise for Healthy Environment) Common Effluent Treatment Plant For Tanneries Presented By: Nirmal Kumar

2. Content: Introduction - CETP Objectives Type of Effluent – (Industry Introduction) Description Plant Design Chemical dosing Application of CETP Conclusion

3. Introduction The main purpose of CETP is to reduce the treatment cost of effluent, release by group of Industries and easy monitoring. The concept of Common Effluent Treatment Plant is to treat the same type of effluent generate from cluster of industries. It’s effective method to achieve the standard parameters (pH BOD, COD, TSS, TDS and O&G) to improve the quality of effluent.

4. Objective Objective of CETP is to collect the effluent, treat using physical, chemical and biological methods then discharge in separate draining system or reuse.

5. Type of Effluent- (Industry Introduction) Tanning is the process where is Leather processed using hide of Animals. Tannery are the pollution intensive industries which generate high strength waste water contain hazardous pollutant like heavy metals, Toxic chemicals, chloride, Lime, Organic waste and others.

6. Desalting : Removal of salt Soaking : Hide are soaked in clean water for moisture and remove salt Liming : For Unhairing, R emoval of Blood and Mucous Deliming : Removal of Lime & some remaining hairs Pickling : F or maintain the pH Chrome Tanning : For tanning or For preparing Wet blue Re-chroming : If improper chroming Fat Liquoring : For moisture and softness Neutralize : To adjust pH 4.5-6.5 Dyeing : Dye using desired color In Tannery Leather is processed using various steps -

7. Tannery Effluent generate from tanneries and their treatment meth od

8. Treatment of Effluent generate from Tannery Industry : Generally CETP’s treat the effluent generated by member industries after their primary treatment. So industries have their own primary effluent treatment Plant and Chrome Recovery Plant.

9. Soaking Liquor Fat Liquor Chrome Liquor Primary Treatment Plant Chrome Recovery Plant Tannery Collection Tank Secondary Treatment Tertiary Treatment Flow Chart of Common effluent treatment Plant for Tanneries Salt Evaporation

10. Chrome Tanning Basic Chromium Sulfate are use in chrome tanning of leather. It stabilize the leather by cross linking the collagen fibers. Chrome tanned hide are blue so its called wet blue. Chrome tanning is faster than vegetable tanning and build stretchable leather. Tanning provide a surface area to Raw hide for other reaction. After complete the process chrome should be recover if remain then it form harmful chromium.

11. Spent Chrome liquor collection tank Reaction Tank Precipitated chrome Chrome Recovery Tank Recovered Chrome storage Tank Conc. H 2 SO 4 MgO Supernatant Chrome Recovery Plant BCS

12. Description of chrome recovery plant: Spent Chrome liquor store in collection tank which pH approx 4-5. Reaction Tank- In this introduce the effluent and increase the pH up to 7-8 using Magnesium oxide dosing for reaction. MgO also sediment the chrome. Chrome recovery tank- In this precipitated chrome store and dosing of conc. H 2 SO 4 to minimize pH 2-3.

13. CETP ( Common Effluent Treatment Plant) T his Plant Designed for collection and treatment of effluent from tannery industries. In tanneries the effluent release after primary treatment and Chrome Recovery because tanneries produce highly polluted effluent which contain toxic chemicals (chrome) and other waste which is hazardous for the environment.

14. Inlet Bar Screen FOG Equalization Tank Lime Alum Polyelectrolyte Primary Clarifier Aeration Tank I Secondary Clarifier Aeration Tank II Tertiary Clarifier B alance Tank ACF PSF Discharge Chemical dosing Outlet CETP

15. Description of ETP process- Primary Treatment: Screen- Screens are use for removal of floating matter from effluent in primary treatment. Oil & Grease- Designed for removal of oil and Grease floating on a liquid surface. E qualization tank- Its main function is to act as buffer ( resist change in pH) and make effluent homogeneous by mixing.

16. Secondary treatment: Clarifier- Settling of suspended solids is done using gravity in clarifier. Aeration- Air provide to effluent for bacterial growth to degrade the organic waste and sediment in clarifier. Balance Tank- Minimize the fluctuation of effluent and ready for filter.

17. PSF (Pressure Sand Filter) Work on principle Porosity which r emove suspended solids Reduced BOD & COD 5-8% ACF (Activated Carbon Filter) Work on Principle of Catenation (Bonding of atoms). Carbon adsorb atoms like nitrogen, ammonia, hydrogen and other present in effluent. Purpose is to Remove Color and odor BOD & COD reduced 10-13.5% Tertiary Treatment based on Filter :

18. Parameter of effluent generate from tanneries SL No. Parameter Inlet (mg/L) Outlet (mg/L) 1. pH 8 6-9 2. TSS 8.5 100 3. BOD 500 30 4. COD 400-700 250 5. O&G 100 10 6. Total Cr 20 2.0 7. TDS 7100 2100

19. For installing 100 KLD Plant : Retention Time (RT): Time taken to c omplete a process Hydraulic Retention Time ( HRT): The time required to be perform the reaction in tank. Rate of Aerati on = 0.75 × Plant Capacity = 0.75 × 100 = 100 m 3 / hrs. Tank capacity = (Plant capacity / RT) × HRT = (100/ 12) ×8 = 133.33 m 3

20. Filter diameter = Plant capacity / RT = 100 / 12 ….. .. eqn I = 1200 = Diameter / 16 = 1200/ 16 …... e qn II = 75 m 3 / hrs. If circular = 75/ ( п /4) = √96m 3 =9.7 × 1000 = 9700 m 3 / hrs. Flow Rate = 100 / RT m 3 /hrs. Rate of Mixing or agitation = Plant capacity × 0.45

21. Chemical Dosing Parameter for CETP Lime = 0.25 Kg/ KL (135 drop/min) Alum = 0.75 Kg/ KL ( 135 drop/min) MGO = 90 drops/min Polly Aluminum Chloride = 135 drop/min Polyelectrolyte = 90 drop/min H 2 SO 4 = 30 drops/min MLSS = 2500-3000 mg/L F/M ( Food to Mass) = 0.28 mg/L

22. Application of CETP for Tanneries Cost effective for the industry Combined effluent from all tanneries are brought at a place to better treatment Easily control the Pollution Easy monitoring for tanneries

23. Conclusion Above study conclude that CETP is better option to reduce the pollution from group of industries where same product are produce from all industry at a specified place. This Method is adopted by the government pollution control board for easily achieve the Standard parameter of treated effluent like pH, TSS, TDS, COD, BOD and others. And then allow to discharge in the environment and reuse for industrial purpose.

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