Common pest and disease of garden

Pest and disease management

1. Pest and
Disease
Management
Dr. ChandaRajendra
Maurya

3. Natural pest and disease
Pestsanddiseasesarepartofthenatural
environmentalsystem.
Inthissystemthereisabalancebetween
predatorsandpests.
Thisisnature'swayofcontrollingpopulations.
Thecreaturesthatwecallpestsandthe
organismsthatcausediseaseonlybecome'pest
anddiseases'whentheiractivitiesstartto
damagecropsandaffectyields.

4. Natural pest and disease
Ifthenaturalenvironmentalsystemisimbalanced
thenonepopulationcanbecomedominant
becauseitisnotbeingpreyedupon.
Theaimofnaturalcontrolistorestoreabalance
betweenpestandpredatorandtokeeppestsand
diseasesdowntoanacceptablelevel.
Theaimisnottoeradicatethemaltogether,as
theyalsohavearoletoplayinthenatural
system.

5. Natural pest and disease
Onceapestordiseasehasstartedtoattacka
crop,thedamagecannotberepairedandcontrol
becomesincreasinglydifficult.
Whereasitspossibletousetechniquestoavoidor
preventpestanddiseaseattackinthefirstplace.

7. Methods of Pest and Disease
Control
•Ahealthysoil
•Ahealthycrop
•Resistantvarieties
•Rotation
•Goodhygiene
•Soiltillage
•SoilpH
•Timelysowing
•Companionplanting
•Plantstoattract
predatorsandparasites
•Barriers
•Traps
•Lighttraps
•Flytraps
•Handpicking
•Biologicalcontrol
•Naturalpesticides
•Socialprevention

8. Specific plants to attract
beneficial insects
Therearemanyplantsthatcanbegrownto
attractnaturalpredatorsandparasiteswhichwill
helptokeepdownpestsanddiseases.
Flowerssuchasmarigolds(Tagetes),mint
(Mentha),sunflower(Helianthusannus),sunhemp
(Crotalariajuncea)aswellaslocallegumesare
usefulattractantplants.

10. Specific plants to attract
beneficial insects
Hoverflies,whoselarvaefeedongreenflyare
attractedtotheflowersofherbsandvegetables
suchasfennel,celery,dill,carrotsandparsnips
(Umbelliferaefamily).
Umbelliferswillalsoprovidefoodtovarious
parasiticwaspswhoseyoungliveonaphidsand
somecaterpillars.
Redhotpokers(Kniphofiauvaria)areusedin
partsofAfricatoattractbirdsthateataphids.

13. Common insect pest of the
garden
1. Aphids
Thesesap-suckinglittledevilsformlargecolonies
veryquicklyandcanspreadinfectiontoo.
Theyalsoexcreteastickyhoneydewwhichthen
turnsintoblackmould.
Therearealargevarietyofspeciesincluding
blackfly,greenfly,woollyaphid,peachpotato
aphidandmanymore.
Theycanallcausegreatdestructiontoyourplants
soit'sbesttotakeactionassoonaspossible.

15. Common insect pest of the
garden
2. Catterpiller
Chewing
Hungrycaterpillarenjoysnothingmore
thanmunchingtheleavesofplants.
ActivearoundJunetoSeptember

17. Common insect pest of the
garden
3. Spider mites
Aredsap-feedingmitethatexistsincolonies,
thesetinybugsstrikeonplants.
Theycauseamottledappearanceontheleaves,
leadingtoeventualleafloss,and,inthecase
ofheavyinfestations,theplantmayevendie.

19. Common insect pest of the
garden
4. White fly
Anotherhouseplant-sap-suckinginsectleavesa
honeydewresidueonitsvictims,whichturnsintoa
blacksootymould.
Activeallyearround,itfeedsonedibleand
ornamentalplants,reducingtheirvigour.

21. Common insect pest of the
garden
5. Slug and snail
Chewing
Probablythegardeners’mosthatedandhunted
pests,slugsandsnail

23. Common insect pest of the
garden
6. Mealy bug
Theycausedamagebysuckingthejuicefrom
their host plants, and like
manypests,mealybugstendtofavornewgrowth.
Overtime,theirdamagecausestheleavesto
yellowandeventuallydropfromtheplant.
Theycanalsocausefruits,vegetables,andflower
budstoprematurelydropoff.

25. Common insect pest of the
garden
7. Fruit and stem borer
Witheringofterminalshoots/deadhearts
Boreholesonshootsandfruitspluggedwith
excreta
Sheddingofflowerbuds
Witheringanddryingofleaves

27. Common insect pest of the
garden
7. Leaf minor
Aleafminerisanyoneofnumerousspeciesof
insectsinwhichthelarvalstagelivesin,andeats,
theleaftissueofplants.

29. Cure-Insect pest
Handpickanddestroy-SnailsandSlugs
Coffeegroundsandcrushedeggshells-Snailsand
Slugs
Frogs,birdsandchickens-SnailsandSlugs
Neemseedkernelextract(NSKE)5%-borer,
apahids,thrips,whitefliesetc
Chillipowderextract–alltypeofinsectpest
Tobaccospray40%-alltypeofinsectpest
Garlicandchilli40%-alltypeofinsectpest
Ovaleafextract40%-alltypeofinsectpest
Papyaleafextract50%-alltypeofinsectpest

31. Cure-Insect pest
Cow urine
Cowurinedilutedwithwaterinratioof1:20and
usedasfoliarsprayisnotonlyeffectiveinthe
managementofpathogens&insects,butalsoacts
aseffectivegrowthpromoterforthecrop.

32. Cure-Insect pest
Fermentedcurdwater
InsomepartsofcentralIndiafermentedcurd
water(buttermilkorChaach)isalsobeingused
forthemanagementofwhitefly,jassidsaphids
etc.
Neem-Cowurineextract–
Crush5kgneemleavesinwater,add5litcow
urineand2kgcowdung,fermentfor24hrswith
intermittentstirring,filtersqueezetheextractand
diluteto100lit,useasfoliarsprayoveroneacre.
Usefulagainstsuckingpestsandmealybugs.

33. Cure-Insect pest
Mixed leaves extract
Crush3kgneemleavesin10litcowurine.
Crush2kgcustardappleleaf,2kgpapayaleaf,
2kgpomegranateleaves,2kgguavaleavesin
water.
Mixthetwoandboil5timesatsomeintervaltillit
becomeshalf.
Keepfor24hrs,thenfiltersqueezetheextract.
Thiscanbestoredinbottlesfor6months.
Dilute2-2.5litofthisextractto100litfor1acre.
Usefulagainstsuckingpests,pod/fruitborers.

34. Cure-Insect pest
Chilli-garlic extract
Crush1kgIpomea(besharam)leaves,500gm
hotchilli,500gmgarlicand5kgneemleaves
in10litcowurine.
Boilthesuspension5timestillitbecomeshalf.
Filter-squeezetheextract.
Storeinglassorplasticbottles.
2-3litextractdilutedto100litisusedforone
acre.Usefulagainstleafroller,stem/fruit/pod
borer

36. Cure-Insect pest
Broadspectrumformulation-1–
Inacoppercontainermix3kgfreshcrushed
neemleavesand1kgneemseedkernel
powderwith10litofcowurine.
Sealthecontainerandallowthesuspension
tofermentfor10days.
After10daysboilthesuspension,tillthe
volumeisreducedtohalf.

37. Cure-Insect pest
Broadspectrumformulation-2–
Ground500gmgreenchilliesin1litofwaterand
keepovernight.Inanothercontainercrush250gm
ofgarlicinwaterandkeepovernight.
Nextdaymixtheboiledextract,chilliextractand
garlicextract.
Mixthoroughlyandfilter.
Thisisabroadspectrumpesticideandcanbeused
onallcropsagainstwidevarietyofinsects.
Use250mlofthisconcentratein15litofwaterfor
spray.

39. Biopesticide
Biopesticidesarecertaintypesof
pesticidesthatarederivedfromnatural
materialslikeplants(Botanicalorigin),
bacteria,fungiandvirus(Microbialorigin)
andcertainminerals.
TheBioPesticidescontrolpests/diseases
eitherselectivelyorwithbroadspectrum
approach.

40. Biopesticide
Botanical Origin Bio Pesticides:
Anosomfrom Annonasquamosa
Derisomfrom Pongamiaglabra
Margosomfrom Azadirachtaindica
Biological Nematicides:
Bacillus firmus
Paecilomyceslilacinus
Mosquito larvicides:
Bacillus thuringiensisvarisraelensis

42. Common diseases
Asymptomofplantdiseaseisa
visibleeffectofdiseaseontheplant.
Symptomsmayincludeadetectable
changeincolor,shapeorfunctionof
theplantasitrespondstothe
pathogen.

43. Powdery Mildew
Powderymildewleavesatelltalewhite
dustycoatingonleaves,stemsand
flowers.
Causedbyafungus,itaffectsa
numberofplants,includinglilacs,
apples,grapes,cucumbers,peas,phlox,
daisiesandroses.

46. Powdery Mildew-Cure
Spraywithasolutionofonetsp.baking
sodaandonequartofwater
Destroyinfectedleavestoreducethespread
ofspores.
Gooddrainageandampleaircirculation.
Avoidoverheadwateringatnight;mid-
morningispreferredtoallowfoliagetodry
beforeevening.

47. Downy Mildew
Downymildewiscausedbyfungus-like
organismsandaffectsmanyornamentals
andedibles,suchasimpatiens,pansies,
columbine,grapevines,lettuceandcole
cropssuchasbroccoliandcauliflower.
Oftenoccurringduringwetweather,downy
mildewcausestheupperportionofleaves
todiscolor,whilethebottomsdevelopwhite
orgraymold.

50. Downy Mildew-Cure
Removeanddestroyinfectedfoliage,or
entireplantsifdownymildewisprevalent.
Avoidcrowdingplantsorwateringthemin
theevening,androtateediblesyearto
year.

51. Mosaic Virus
Thereareanumberofmosaicviruses,but
gardenersaremostlikelytoencountertwo:
tomatomosaicvirusandtobaccomosaic
virus.
Theformerinfectstomatoes,peppers,
potatoes,apples,pearsandcherries;the
latterinfectstomatoes,peppers,cucumbers,
lettuce,beets,petuniasand,ofcourse,
tobacco.

52. Mosaic Virus
Mosaicviruscausesmottledyellowand
greenleavesthataresometimescurledand
distorted.
Someplantsexhibityellowing,stunted
growth,malformedfruitsandreduced
yield.
Mosaicvirusismorecommoninhot
weather.

55. Mosaic Virus-Avoidance
Removeanddestroyinfectedplants,roots
andall,andavoidplantingsusceptible
plantsinthesameareafortwoyears.
Becausetobaccoisacarrier,smokers
shouldwashhandsthoroughlybefore
handlingplants.

56. Damping-Off Disease
Damping-offdisease,causedbyseveralsoil-
bornefungi,ismostproblematicinwet,
humidconditions.
Itinfectsseedlingsandcausesthemto
collapseanddecay.

58. Damping-Off Disease-
Avoidance
Goodculturalpractices.
Usenewpots,cellpacksortrays,orthose
disinfectedwitha10percentbleach
solution.
Fillwithfresh,bagged,soillesspottingmix,
avoidcrowdingseedlingsandprovide
adequateventilation.
Damping-offdiseaseusuallyaffectsnewly-
sownplants.

59. Fusarium Wilt
Causedbyasoil-bornefungus,fusarium
wiltaffectsornamentalandedibleplants,
includingdianthus,beans,tomatoes,peas
andasparagus.
Thediseasecauseswiltedleavesandstunted
plants,aswellasrootrotandsometimes
blackenedstemrot.
It’sespeciallyactiveinhotsummer
temperatures.

61. Fusarium Wilt-Avoidance
Removeanddestroyinfectedplants
anddonotplantthesamespeciesin
thatspotforfiveyears.

62. Fusarium Wilt-Avoidance
Removeanddestroyinfectedplants
anddonotplantthesamespeciesin
thatspotforfiveyears.

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