Communalism.pptx

In the Indian context. 2023.

1. An Indian Subcontinent Struggle Communalism BPY1103 Dr. Amandeep Singh by, Fahad M. Wani Sikhs escaping violence across the Indo-Pakistani Punjab border in 1947.

2. first, some Context My and my nation’s Identity Everyone has an identity; it is the core of an individual. It is influenced and moulded by numerous factors. Such as culture, language, economy, history, locality, religion, etc. And so does a community, an ethnicity, and a nation have an identity. India is a multicultural, multilingual and pluralistic mix of a stunning diversity of people. In India, religion often plays a bigger role in influencing one’s identity. Peaceful coexistence within communities has been a mainstay in India’s history. ...Then why communalism?

3. A Definition Communalism is an ideology that supports and promotes division between communities, most often, on the basis of religion and ethnicity. Characteristics of Communalism Communalism builds upon an existing ‘ dividing line ’ between communities; differences are exacerbated. The communities involved have reached, or are in an antagonistic state with each other. On some existing grounds, a vocal minority from each community pushes the ideas that give rise to communalism. Communalism need not always give rise to communal violence ; it is an escalation of communalism. There is a strong sense of belonging to that particular community. Festering hatred among communities living in close proximity. Ultimately leading to communal violence. A threat to the national integrity and antecedent to secessionist ideas. The psychological impact of conflict on children and adult alike. [5] A negative impact on economy, e.g., Punjab’s economy was paralyzed until the 1990s. Effects of Communalism

4. History Communalism has been a significant issue since independence in India. It finds its origin before partition, during the British Raj. Implementation of policies built on the doctrine of Divide and Rule, pushed different sectors of society, that were otherwise cohabitating, into a tense antagonistic state. A few political dissidents pushed communalist ideology — either for their own interests or some political goal, or in return for favours from the Imperial government. A separate electoral for Muslims and a skewed view of Indian history taught in educational institutions that affirmed Hindu-Muslim differences, further bolstered the divide between religious sects. (See The History of British India , by James Mill.) Direct Action Day (16 August 1946)

5. In India The partition of 1947. Direct Action Day of 1946. 1969 Gujarat riots. Incidents culminated into an outbreak of violence. In October, 1984, the anti-Sikh riots broke out after the assassination of Indira Gandhi. Marks of violence 1985 Babri Masjid controversy and the subsequent 1992 demolition which led to the Bombay riots. In 2002, Gujarat witnessed communal riots. 2013, Uttar Pradesh, Muzaffarnagar. And lynches throughout the country continue... Dancing Refugees at Kurukshetra camp, Punjab, 1947 More than a thousand were killed in the Bhagalpur Riots of 1989. [2] Shiv Sena , a Hindutva political party in Maharashtra, is said to have organised the riots. [1] More than eight thousand Sikhs killed. [3] Up to a million killed. [4]

6. Causes of communalism A History of Bad Blood Politics Economics and Unemployment Disparities between Communities Failure on part of Administration Psychological Factors The Influence of Media And now Social Media In India

7. Measures to Tackle Communalism Political Measures Legal Measures Social Measures Political measures include promoting secularism and inclusivity in politics. The Indian government has enacted several laws to prevent communal violence and promote social harmony. Social measures include promoting interfaith dialogue and understanding among different communities. This can be done by ensuring that political parties do not use religion as a tool to gain votes or power. Some examples include the Indian Penal Code (IPC), which criminalizes hate speech and incitement to violence. This can be done through community outreach programs, cultural events, and educational initiatives.

8. Conclusion Communalism is a social menace that traces back to pre-independence days. It leads to political and social tensions in the state and can be a threat to national integrity. In modern days, communalism has become a tool of exploitation for political agitation. It is essential to take measures to prevent it from spreading further. Lest needless fear and violence run rampant in our communities. Despite the occurrences, the majority of India is secular and accommodating. “ L ong years ago, we made a tryst with destiny. Now the time has come when we shall redeem our pledge – not wholly or in full measure – but very substantially. At the stroke of the midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom. A moment comes, but rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the new, when an age ends, and when the soul of a nation, long suppressed, finds utterance... All of us, to whatever religion we may belong, are equally the children of India with equal rights, privileges and obligations. We cannot encourage communalism or narrow-mindedness, for no nation can be great whose people are narrow in thought or in action.” — Jawaharlal Nehru

9. Q&A Raise your hand if you have a question Limit the question to the topic Wait for your turn to speak

10. Bibliography [1]: Tambiah , Stanely J. (1997). Leveling Crowds: EthnoNationalist Conflicts and Collective Violence in South Asia . University of California Press. P. 254. ISBN 978-0520206427. [2]: Charu Gupta & Mukul Sharma (July 1996). “Communal constructions: media reality vs real reality”. Race & Class. 38 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1177/030639689603800101 [3]: Joseph, Paul (11 October 2016). The SAGE Encyclopedia of War: Social Science Perspectives. SAGE. P. 433. ISBN 978-1483359885. “around 17,000 Sikhs were burned alive or killed” [4]: Dyson, Tim (2018). A Population History of India: From the First Modern People to the Present Day. Oxford University Press. p. 189. ISBN 978-0-19-882905-8. [5]: Khan, Waheeda (2015), “Conflict in Kashmir: Psychosocial Consequences on Children”, in Sibnath Deb (ed.), Child Safety, Welfare and Well-being: Issues and Challenges, Springer, pp. 83–93, ISBN 978-81-322-2425-9. Web sources: https://www.drishtiias.com/to-the-points/paper1/communalism https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_violence_in_India#

11. Thanks Communalism © 2023 by Fahad Wani is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0