Communicable and Noncommunicable Disease

1. What are Communicable Diseases? A disease that is spread from one living thing to another or through the environment It is important to know how CDs can spread so your reduce your risk of getting them.

2. Causes of Communicable Diseases Pathogen: Organism that causes disease. Pathogens include: viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoans and rickettsia Infection: Condition that occurs when pathogens enter the body, multiply, and damage body cells.

3. Viruses vs. Bacteria Viruses: Pieces of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat. Invade all known forms of life. Attacks the host cell, resulting in multiplying the virus . Antibiotics do not work Bacteria: Single-cell microorganisms Most are harmless-e.g. bacteria is in your digestive system Some bacterial pathogens produce toxins—which are bad and require antibiotics.

4. How Communicable Disease Are Transmitted Direct Contact: Includes touching, biting, kissing, and sexual contact Indirect Contact: Contaminated objects, Vectors—mosquito passes pathogen from person to person, Water and Food Airborne Transmission: Sneeze or cough

5. Strategies for Preventing Communicable Disease Washing Hands Handling Food Properly Eat a balanced diet Avoid sharing eating utensils Practice abstinence

6. The Importance of the Immune System Immune System: network or cells, tissues, organs, and chemicals that fights off pathogens The immune system has two defense strategies. The first one is called the inflammatory response—is a reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or injection I ts purpose is to prevent further tissues injury and to halt invading pathogens.

7. Specific Defenses The immune systems goes into a immune response and our white blood cells react to antigens (triggers a immune response) There are certain types of white blood cells. Lymphocyte is a specialized white blood cell that coordinates and performs many of the functions or specific immunity .

8. T Cells and B Cells--Vaccines T Cells and B Cells Vaccines There are different types of T cells Helper T Cells—trigger the production of B cells and killer T cells. Killer T Cells: attack and destroy infected body cells B cells produce antibodies which act against a specific antigen Vaccines to Aid the Body’s Defenses Live-virus: Pathogens grown-weakened-produce antibodies. Measles or mumps shot Killer-virus: Dead pathogens-organism works-produces antibodies. Flu shots Toxoids: Dead toxins used to produce antibodies. Tetanus shot New and second-generation vaccines: New technology. Hepatitis B

9. Common Communicable Diseases The most common communicable diseases are those of the respiratory tract. Common Cold Influenza Pneumonia Strep Throat Tuberculosis Hepatitis A, B, C Mononucleosis Measles Emerging Infections: communicable diseases whose incidence in humans has increased within the past two decades or threatens to increase in the near future. Such as Lyme Disease, AIDS, and Malaria

10. Noncommunicable Disease Disease that is not transmitted by another person, a vector, or the environment Medical science has identified certain habits and behaviors that either increase or decrease the risk of many of these disease

11. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) Kills almost one million Americans each year. CVD is a disease that affects the heart or blood vessels. Types of Cardiovascular Diseases Hypertension Atherosclerosis Heart Attack Stroke Many more…

12. Risk Factors As teens it is important for you to understand how your behaviors can determine your risk of developing CVD Tobacco Use High blood pressure High Cholesterol Physical Inactivity Excess Weight Stress Drug and Alcohol Use

13. Risk Factors Part Two There are some risk factors which we have no control over. However, we should be aware of them and know how they influences our health. Heredity Gender Age

14. Cancer What is it? Uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells Tumor: Abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural role in the body Benign: Noncancerous Malignant: Cancerous, spread to other tissues, blood or lymph's.

15. Types of Cancer Lymphomas: Cancers of the immune system Leukemia's: Cancers of the blood-forming organs Carcinomas: Cancers of the glands and body linings Sacromas : Cancers of connective tissue

16. Risk Factors for Cancer and Treatment Exposure to UV radiation Genetic Factors Alcohol use Physical inactivity Exposure to cigarette smoke HPV Undescended testicle Surgery Radiation Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Hormone therapy

17. Diabetes Chronic disease that affects the way body cells convert food into energy 1 million new cases each year Type 1: Body does not produce insulin, and glucose builds up in the blood, starving cells of the energy they need Type 2: Body is unable to make enough insulin or to use insulin properly

18. Physical and Mental Challenges Disability: Physical or mental impairment that limits normal activities Twenty percent of adult population have some type of disability Sight Impairment Hearing Impairment Motor Impairment

19. Communicable vs. Noncommunicable After reviewing the slides, you should be able to distinguish the difference between communicable and non communicable Compare and contrast risk factors Illustrate preventive tactics to reduce the risk