Communicable Diseases (Biology) by AK.pptx

The lesson aims to discuss infectious agents, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, to help understand how these agents cause communicable diseases. Through interactive activities and discussions, the lesson will explore the transmission, prevention, and control of communicable diseases.

1. C ommunicable Diseases M rs. Ammara Khalid

2. be able to differentiate between communicable and non-communicable diseases, be able to identify the causes of communicable diseases, be able to understand the ways in which communicable diseases spread, and be able to identify the ways to prevent the spread of infections.

3. Epidemiology is the branch of science that deals with the study of the distribution, patterns, determinants, and control of diseases and other health-related conditions within specific populations.

4. Disease A disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that has a known cause and a distinctive group of symptoms or signs.

5. Types of diseases Communicable Diseases Also known as infectious or transmissible diseases. Diseases that can be spread to a person from another person, animal, object (surface) or food. Examples: 1) Flu 2) Common cold 3) AIDS Non-Communicable Disease Disease that are not spread through infection or through other people. They are typically caused by unhealthy behaviours. Examples: 1) Cancer 2) Heart diseases 3) Diabetes

6. Causes of Communicable Diseases Communicable diseases are caused by pathogens (or infectious agents/germs). Pathogens are disease causing organisms. Pathogenic organisms are of five main types: viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and worms.

7. Viruses Viruses are tiny pathogens that contain genetic material. Unlike other pathogens, they lack the complex structure of a cell. To replicate, they must enter the cells of other living beings. Once inside, they use the cell’s machinery to make copies of themselves.

8. Bacteria Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms. They exist in almost every environment on earth, including inside the human body. Many bacteria are harmless, and some help the body to function. However, bacteria can also cause infections that damage the body.

9. Protozoa Fungi are a type of organism that includes yeasts, moulds, and mushrooms. There are millions of different fungi. However, only around 300 cause harmful illnesses. Fungal infections can occur anywhere in the body. However, they commonly affect the skin and mucus membranes. Fungal diseases in humans: Athlete’s foot, Ringworm, etc. Fungi Protozoa are microscopic organisms that typically consist of a single cell. Some protozoa are parasitic, meaning they live on or inside another organism and use the organism’s nutrients for their own survival (e.g., symbiotic relationship between protozoa and termites). Parasitic protozoa can cause various diseases.

10. Worms Parasitic worms are also known as helminths . These are large macro-parasites; adults can generally be seen with the naked eye. They live in and feed off their living hosts.

11. Must Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zx28dJMXKFE&ab_channel=NationalInstituteforCommunicableDiseases

12. Preventing the spread of infections Cook meats, eggs, and other foods thoroughly Avoid eating spoiled food Avoid touching wild animals Receive available vaccinations Use mosquito nets

13. Quiz Let’s attempt this short quiz to test our learning from today’s session. It’s a 10 minute MCQ-based quiz. Click on this link to start the quiz: https://forms.office.com/e/Ja6xdWKQFs

14. Please fill this feedback form by clicking on this link : https://forms.office.com/e/L9nDJbKeh8 Your feedback on my teaching will help me tailor future lessons to better meet your needs and enhance our learning experience together.