Communicable diseases malariya

Malaria is a life threatening infectious disease which is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes.
You will be able to have brief idea about Malariya from this presentation.
This also includes nursing interventions.
Thanks

1. Malaria Communicable Diseases Student Presentation Ms. Wasana Heiyanthuduwa BSc Nursing Student Medical Nursing (Adult Nursing 1) BSc. Nursing Program - Batch 12 (2015/2016 ) Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Sri Jayewardenepura 24/04/2018

2. Malaria Introduction to malaria Prevalence of malaria Etiology of malaria Transmission of malaria Pathophysiology Signs and Symptoms Investigations Treatment Nursing care considerations Prevention

3. Introduction to malaria Malaria is a life threatening infecious disease which is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. About 3.3 billion people ( half of the world's population) are at risk of malaria . It is caused by Plasmodium parasite

4. Prevalence of malaria

5. Prevalence of malaria

6. Malaria can come again

7. etiology of malaria Caused by Protozoa from the genus Plasmodium There are four types of Plasmodium that infect humans: Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium vivax Plasmodium malariae Plasmodium ovale The image shows a false coloured micrograph showing one of the life stages of the parasite (shown in blue) inside human red blood cells.

8. Transmission of malaria It is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions Malaria can transmit through A bite from an infective female Anopheles mosquito. Anopheles must be infected through a previous blood meal taken on an infected person to transmit malaria From infected mother to unborn child Infected blood transfusion By sharing needles used to inject drugs

9. Pathophysiology Malaria parasites first damage the infected red blood cells directly and then initiate a chain reaction of nonspecific inflammatory processes and later on immunological responses aggravating further the inflammatory reactions . Infection develops via two phases, Erythrocyte phase (involves RBC) Exoerythrocytic phase (involves the liver) Parasite cells multiply in the RBC and the liver asexually

10. Signs and Symptoms The symptoms of malaria typically develops within 10 days to 4 weeks following the infection Common symptoms are, Shaking chills that can range from moderate to severe, High fever , Profuse sweating , Headache, Nausea, Vomiting , Abdominal pain , diarrhea , Muscle pain, Convulsions, Coma, Bloody stools

11. Investigations Tests that is performed to diagnose malaria are, Thick and thin blood smears Rapid diagnostic tests (antigen testing) Molecular test (polymerase chain reaction) Antibody test (serology) Susceptibility testing

12. Treatment Malaria can be treated with anti-malarial drugs. WHO recommends artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) to treat Plasmodium falciparum infections. Drugs such as chloroquine and primaquine are recommended for Plasmodium vivax malaria Anti-malarial drugs kill the parasite but do not prevent the patient from being re-infected

13. Nursing care considerations Nursing interventions for hyperthermia Assess any complaints or signs of increased body temperature changes Observations of vital signs, especially body temperature as indicated Warm water compress on the forehead and both axilla Collaboration of antipyretic drugs Nursing interventions for risk for fluid volume deficit Supervise the input and output of fluids. Estimate loss of fluid through sweat Observations of decreased skin turgor Give parenteral fluids if needed Nursing interventions for imbalanced nutrition, less than body requirements Encourage bed rest / or activity restrictions Provide oral hygiene Provide food in a well ventilated, pleasant environment Collaboration of antiemetic drugs Nursing interventions for Knowledge Deficit Determine the patient's perception of the disease process Review the disease process, the cause / effect relationship factors that cause symptoms and identify ways to lose factors. Encourage questions The review: medicine, destination, frequency, dosage, and possible side effects.

14. Prevention Protecting yourself against mosquito bites Taking antimalarial medicines Young children and pregnant women avoid traveling to areas where malaria is common If you are planning international travel, learn about risk of malaria in geographic area and the medicines recommended to prevent infection by contacting Start educational program about malaria prevention for people

15. Questions ??

16. rEFERENCES www.yourgenome.org www.healthline.com www.webmed.com www.ncbi.com www.nconanda.top

17. Thank you..!!