Communication in nursing ,Types ,process, purpose

Communication can broadly be defined as exchange of ideas, messages and information between two or more persons, through a medium, in a manner that the sender and the receiver understand the message in the common sense, that is, they develop common understanding of the message

1. COMMUNICATION IN NURSING Mr. Akshay Deshmukh B.Bsc Nursing Anuradha college of nursing

2. COMMUNICATION DEFINATION A process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols , sign or behavior

3. PURPOSES OF COMMUNICATION To Collect the assessment data To initiate intervention To evaluate outcome of intervention To initiate change which help in promoting health To take measure for preventing legal problem associated with nursing practice To analyze factor affecting the health team

4.        Intrapersonal   People talk to themselves and form thoughts internally         Interpersonal    Interaction that occurs between people/groups   (This is the one we are primarily concerned with at this point)     Public Interaction of one person with large groups Levels of Communication

5. COMMUNICATION PROCESS

6. Sender :- The sender or the communicator generates the message and conveys it to the receiver. He is the source and the one who starts the communication Message :- It is the idea, information, view, fact, feeling, etc. that is generated by the sender and is then intended to be communicated further. Encoding :- The message generated by the sender is encoded symbolically such as in the form of words, pictures, gestures, etc. before it is being conveyed Media :- It is the manner in which the encoded message is transmitted. The message may be transmitted orally or in writing. The medium of communication includes telephone, internet, post, fax, e-mail, etc. The choice of medium is decided by the sender. Decoding :- It is the process of converting the symbols encoded by the sender. After decoding the message is received by the receiver.

7. Receiver :- He is the person who is last in the chain and for whom the message was sent by the sender. Once the receiver receives the message and understands it in proper perspective and acts according to the message, only then the purpose of communication is successful. Feedback :- Once the receiver confirms to the sender that he has received the message and understood it, the process of communication is complete . Noise :- It refers to any obstruction that is caused by the sender, message or receiver during the  process of communication . For example, bad telephone connection, faulty encoding, faulty decoding, inattentive receiver, poor understanding of message due to prejudice or inappropriate gestures, etc .

8. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION Verbal Non verbal ORAL WRITTEN Facial Expression Gestures Body Language Hepatics or Touch Appearance Eye Contact Proxemics

9. VERBAL COMMUNICATION Oral communication :- Oral communication is the process of verbally transmitting information and ideas from one individual or group to another. Oral communication can be either formal or informal. Examples of informal oral communication include: Face-to-face conversations. Telephone conversations. Written communication :- A 'Written Communication' means the sending of messages, orders or instructions in writing through letters, circulars, manuals, reports, telegrams, office memos, bulletins, etc. It is a formal method of communication and is less flexible.

10. Non Verbal Communication Facial Expression :- Facial expressions  are a form of nonverbal communication. They are a primary means of conveying social information between humans, but they also occur in most other mammals and some other animal species. Gestures ;- Deliberate movements and signals are an important way to communicate meaning without words. Common gestures include waving, pointing, and using fingers to indicate numeric amounts. Other gestures are arbitrary and related to culture. ( a movement of part of the body, especially a hand or the head, to express an idea or meaning ) Body Language :- Body language is a type of a nonverbal communication in which physical behaviors, as opposed to words, are used to express or convey the information. Such behavior includes  facial expressions , body posture,  gestures , eye movement, touch and the use of space. Hepatics or Touch :- Haptics   Haptic  communication is a form of nonverbal communication and the way by which people and animals communicate via  touching .  Touch  is the most effective means to communicate feelings and emotions. The withholding of  touch  may communicate a variety of negative feelings

11. Appearance ;- Our choice of color, clothing, hairstyles, and other factors affecting appearance are also considered a means of nonverbal communication. Research on  color psychology  has demonstrated that different colors can evoke different moods. Appearance can also alter physiological reactions, judgments, and interpretations. Eye Contact ;- Eye contact  is a form of body language which is important during  communication . ... When you keep  eye contact  with the person you are talking to it indicates that you are focused and paying attention. It means that you are actually listening to what the person has to say. Proxemics ;- Basically,  proxemics  is the study of space and how we use it, how it makes us feel more or less comfortable, and how we arrange objects and ourselves in relation to space. The term was coined by the anthropologist Edward Hall. Hall was interested in understanding how humans use space in  communication .

12. Nurse And Patient Relationship Therapeutic nurse behaviours :- Having the ability to enter the perceptual world of the other person and understanding how they experience the situation is empathy. This is an important  therapeutic nurse behaviour  essential to convey support, understanding and share experiences. A client to a  nurse  in a general sense is seeking help. Self-awareness :- Self - awareness  in  communication . ... Connection between  self - awareness  and effective  communication  •  Self - awareness means  that you know how your thoughts, emotions and behaviours affect others and you're able to manage yourself so that the other person is an important part of the conversation. Genuine, warm and respectful :- People have different opinions, different talents, and different abilities;  respectful communication  involves the ability to effectively assert your own views and fully listen to the views of others. The focus in the workplace should be on collaboration, using everyone's strengths to achieve common goal Empathy :- Empathy . ... When you have  empathy , it  means  you can understand what a person is feeling in a given moment, and understand why other people's actions made sense to them.  Empathy  helps us to  communicate  our ideas in a way that makes sense to others, and it helps us understand others when they  communicate  with us.

13. Collaborative goal setting :- A therapeutic nurse-client relationship is established for the benefit of the client. It includes nurses working with the client to create goals directed at improving their health status. [6]  Goals are centered on the client's values, beliefs and needs. A partnership is formed between nurse and client. The nurse empowers patient and families to get involved in their health. [6]  This relationship has three phases, a beginning (first time contact/introduction), a middle (develop a relationship to deliver care) and an end (the patient is no longer dependant on the nurse). To make this process successful the nurse must value, respect and listen to clients as individuals. Focus should be on the feelings, priorities, challenges, and ideas of the patient, with progressive aim of enhancing optimum physical, spiritual, and mental health Responsible, ethical practice :- Moreover,  ethical communication  enhances human worth and dignity by fostering truthfulness, fairness,  responsibility , personal integrity, and respect for self and others. ... We advocate truthfulness, accuracy, honesty, and reason as essential to the integrity of  communication .