COMMUNICATION MODELS-PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION.pdf

Models of Communication

1. MODELS
OF
COMMUNICATION

2. COMMUNICATION MODEL
•Apictorialorsystematicrepresentationof
thecommunicationprocess,ideas,
thoughts,orconceptsthroughdiagrams,
etc.thathelpusunderstandhow
communicationcanbecarriedout
(CommunicationModel,n.d).

4. CLASSIFICATIONS
OF
COMMUNICATION
MODELS

5. A) LINEAR COMMUNICATION MODELS
➢explainstheprocessofone-way
communication,wherebyasendertransmitsa
message,andareceiverabsorbsor
understandsit(What’saLinearModelof
Communication?,2024).

6. A) LINEAR COMMUNICATION MODELS
1) ARISTOTLE’S
MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
2)HAROLD LASWELL’S
MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
4) DAVID BERLO’S
S-M-C-R
MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
3) SHANNON WEAVER’S
MODEL
OF
COMMUNICATION

7. ARISTOTLE
➢aGreekphilosopherand
ascientistbornin384
BCE.
➢createdthefirstlinear
modelbefore300BC.
(Jansen,2024)

8. ➢isalinearmodelthatplacesmoreemphasisonpublicspeakingthan
oninterpersonalcommunication(Jansen,2024).
➢isaspeaker-orientedmodelbecausethespeakerisitsmostimportant
element(Jansen,2024).
➢doesnotassignanyimportancetotheroleoffeedbackin
communication(CommunicationModel,n.d).
1) ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

9. COMPONENTS OF ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
➢is the one who conveys
the message.

10. ➢is the message of the
speaker.
COMPONENTS OF ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION

11. ➢referstowhere/when/whythe
messageisbeingconveyed.
COMPONENTS OF ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION

12. A)Where(Location):
•Duringanacademicconference,aprofessor
deliversalectureonartificialintelligencetoa
groupofscholarsandstudents.
Occasion:Theacademicconference
EXAMPLES OF OCCASION:
COMPONENTS OF ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION

13. EXAMPLES OF OCCASION:
B)When(Time):
•Onthefirstdayofschool,aprincipal
welcomesstudentsandteacherswitha
speechaboutthenewacademicyear.
Occasion:Thefirstdayofschool
COMPONENTS OF ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION

14. EXAMPLES OF OCCASION:
C) Why (Reason/Purpose):
•Afterasafetyincidentatthefactory,the
plantmanagerdiscussesthenewsafety
protocolstoalloftheemployees.
Occasion:Thesafetyincidentisthe
reasonwhythemanagerneedstodeliver
his/hermessage.
COMPONENTS OF ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION

15. ➢referstothepeopleor
groupwhowillreceive
andunderstandthe
message from the
speaker.
COMPONENTS OF ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION

16. ➢referstotheimpact
thatthemessage
createdon the
audience.
COMPONENTS OF ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION

17. EXAMPLE:Mr.Kimanganisgivingalectureonwebdesigningtothe
Grade11-Euphorbiastudentsinthecomputerlaboratory.Hedelivershis
speecheffectively,inamannerthatleaveshisstudentsmesmerized.
•Speaker –Mr. Kimangan
•Speech –Lecture on Web Designing
•Occasion –Computer Laboratory
•Audience -Grade 11-Euphorbia Students
•Effect –The students were mesmerized.
1) ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

18. HAROLD LASWELL
➢an American political
scientistandcommunications
theorist.
➢developedhislinearmodelin
1948.
➢Birth:February13,1902
➢Death:December18,1978

19. 2) HAROLD LASWELL’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

20. 2) HAROLD LASWELL’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
➢islinearcommunicationmodelthatattemptstounderstanda
communicationeventbyaskingfiveimportantquestions:“Who?”,
“Sayswhat?”,“Inwhichchannel?”,“Towhom?”,and“Withwhat
effect?”.
➢isoftenusedincommunicationsciencesandpublicrelationsbecause
ofitssimplicityandeffectivenessinanalyzingcommunication
processes.
(Mulder,2022)

21. COMPONENTS OF HAROLD LASWELL’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
➢Itreferstothecommunicator
whoformulatesthemessage
(Steinberg,2007).

22. COMPONENTS OF HAROLD LASWELL’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
➢It refers to the content
of message(Steinberg,
2007).

23. COMPONENTS OF HAROLD LASWELL’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
➢Itreferstothemediumthatis
usedtoconveyortransmitthe
message(Steinberg,2007).

24. COMPONENTS OF HAROLD LASWELL’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
➢Itreferstoanindividual
recipientortheaudienceof
mass communication
(Steinberg,2007).

25. COMPONENTS OF HAROLD LASWELL’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
➢Itreferstothe
outcomeortheeffect
ofthemessagetothe
receiver/s(Steinberg,
2007).

26. 2) HAROLD LASWELL’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
EXAMPLE:
•ThemayorinformedthepublicbypostingamessageonFacebook
saying,“In-personclassesfromKindergartentoGrade12inpublic
schoolsareherebysuspendedtoday.”whichdisappointedmany
collegestudentswhoarenotincludedinthesuspension.
•Who?(Sender):Themayor
•SaysWhat?(Message):"In-personclassesfromKindergartentoGrade12in
publicschoolsareherebysuspendedtoday."
•InWhichChannel?(Medium):Facebook(socialmedia)
•ToWhom?(Receiver):Thepublic
•WithWhatEffect?(Outcome):Manycollegestudentsaredisappointed
becausetheyarenotincludedinthesuspension.

27. CLAUDE ELWOOD SHANNON
➢wasbornonApril30,1916,
inPetoskey,Michigan
(ClaudeE.Shannon,n.d.).
(February4,2001-Death)
➢anAmericanmathematician
andcomputerscientist
(ClaudeE.Shannon,n.d.).

28. CLAUDE ELWOOD SHANNON
➢initiallypublishedtheShannon-
Weavermodelinhis1948
paper"AMathematicalTheory
ofCommunication“(Shannon–
Weavermodel,n.d.).

29. WARREN WEAVER
➢wasbornonJuly17,1894,in
Reedsburg,Wisconsin,andhe
diedonNovember24,1978
(Britannica,T.Editorsof
Encyclopaedia,2024).
➢wasanAmericanscientist,
mathematician,andscience
administrator(Piore,1979).

30. WARREN WEAVER
➢contributedtothedevelopmentof
theShannon-Weavermodel
togetherwithClaudeShannonin
theirco-authored1949book,“The
MathematicalTheory of
Communication”(Narula,2024;
Shannon&Weaver,1998).

31. 3) SHANNON-WEAVER’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
1948 VERSION

32. 3) SHANNON-WEAVER’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
Modified Version of NORBERT WEINER
❖The“feedback”stepwasnotoriginally
proposedbyShannonandWeaverin1948.
NorbertWeinercameupwiththe“feedback”
stepinresponsetocriticismofthelinear
natureoftheapproach(Drew,2023).

33. 3) SHANNON-WEAVER’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
➢isalinearmodelofcommunicationthatprovidesaframeworkfor
analyzinghowmessagesaresentandreceived(Drew,2023).
➢explainhowmessagescanbemixedupandmisinterpretedin
theprocessbetweensendingandreceivingthemessage(Drew,
2023).

34. COMPONENTS OF SHANNON -WEAVER’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
➢startstheprocessbychoosinga
messagetosend,someonetosendthe
messageto,andachannelthrough
whichtosendthemessage(Drew,2023).

35. COMPONENTS OF SHANNON -WEAVER’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
➢referstothemachinethat
convertsthemessageinto
signalsthatcanbesentfrom
thesendertothereceiver
(Drew,2023).

36. COMPONENTS OF SHANNON -WEAVER’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
➢istheinfrastructurethatgets
informationfromthesenderand
transmitterthroughtothedecoder
andreceiver.
➢sometimescalledasthe“medium”.
(Drew,2023)

37. COMPONENTS OF SHANNON -WEAVER’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
➢referstowhatinterruptsa
messagewhileit’sontheway
fromthesendertothereceiver.

38. 2 TYPES OF NOISE
➢happenswhenasendermakesamistake
encodingamessageorareceivermakesamistake
decodingthemessage.
EXAMPLES:
➢Shennamisspelledawordinhertextmessage
becauseshewasinarushtoreplyherfriend’s
message.
➢Jonamisinterpretedthemessageofhergay
friendbecauseofajargonusedbyherfriend.
1) INTERNAL NOISE

39. 2 TYPES OF NOISE
➢happenswhensomethingexternalthat
isnotinthecontrolofsenderorreceiver
disruptsthemessage.
➢
EXAMPLE:
•Miacannothearherfriendonthe
phonebecauseoftheloudhonkingof
thecarsonthehighway.
2) EXTERNAL NOISE

40. COMPONENTS OF SHANNON -WEAVER’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
➢referstothemachineusedto
convertsignalsorbinarydatafrom
theencoderintomessage
(Bhandari,2024).

41. COMPONENTS OF SHANNON -WEAVER’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
➢referstothepersonwho
receivesthemessagefromthe
sender(Bhandari,2024).

42. COMPONENTS OF SHANNON -WEAVER’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
➢occurswhenthereceiverofthe
messagerespondstothesenderto
closethecommunicationloop
(Drew,2023).

43. 3) SHANNON-WEAVER’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
EXAMPLE:
SarahwantstotellherfriendJohnaboutanexcitingmovieshewatched.Shethinks
aboutwhattosay.Sarahtypesamessageonhersmartphone:"HeyJohn!Just
watchedthisawesomemovie.Youhavetocheckitout!"Thephoneconvertsher
thoughtsintodigitaltext.Themessagetravelsthroughamobilenetworkfrom
Sarah'sphonetoJohn’sphone.However,Sarah’sphonehadaweaksignalthat
slightlydelayedthedeliveryofhermessage.John’sphonereceivesthemessage
andconvertsthedigitalsignalsbackintoreadabletextforhimtoview.Johnreads
themessageandunderstandsthatSarahenjoyedthemovieandisrecommending
it.Johnreplies,"Soundsgreat!I’llwatchitthisweekend!"
•Sender: Sarah
•Encoder: Sarah's phone
•Channel: Mobile network
•Noise: Weak signal
•Decoder: John’s phone
•Receiver: John
•Feedback: John’s reply, "Sounds great! I’ll
watch it this weekend!"

44. DAVID KENNETH BERLO
➢Birth:March28,1929
Death:February23,1996
➢wasborninSt.Louis,Missouri.
➢wasanAmericancommunications
theorist.
➢isbestknownforhisSMCRModelof
Communication.
➢wrotethepopulartextbook‘The
ProcessofCommunication’(1960).
(Baas,2024)

45. 4) DAVID BERLO’S S-M-C-R MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

46. 4) DAVID BERLO’S S-M-C-R MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
➢representstheprocessofcommunicationinitssimplestform.
➢containstheacronymSMCRwhichstandsforSender,Message,Channel,and
Receiver.
➢describesthedifferentcomponentsthatformthebasicprocessofcommunication.
(Janse,2024).

47. ELEMENTS OF DAVID BERLO’S S -M-C-R MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
➢orthesenderneedstocarefullyput
theirthoughtsintowordsandtransfers
themessagetothereceiver(8
CommunicationModels:WhatThey
Are&HowTheyWork,n.d.).

48. ELEMENTS OF DAVID BERLO’S S -M-C-R MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
KEYATTRIBUTESOFTHESOURCE
a)Communicationskills–Thesourceneedsgood
communicationskillstoensurethecommunicationwillbe
effective.Thespeakershouldknowwhentopause,whatto
repeat,howtopronounceaword,etc.
b)Attitude-Thesourceneedstherightattitude.Withoutit,not
evenagreatspeakerwouldeveremergeasawinner.The
sourceneedstomakealastingimpressiononthereceiver(s).
c)Knowledge–Itdoesnotrefertoeducationalqualificationsbutto
theclarityoftheinformationthatthesourcewantstotransferto
thereceiver.
(8CommunicationModels:WhatTheyAre&HowTheyWork,n.d.)

49. ELEMENTS OF DAVID BERLO’S S -M-C-R MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
KEYFACTORSOFTHESOURCE
d)Socialsystem
-referstothewaypeople,groups,andorganizationsareconnected
andinteractwitheachotherinanorganizedway(socialsystem,
n.d.).
-Thesourceshouldbefamiliarwiththesocialsysteminwhichthe
communicationprocesstakesplace.Thatwouldhelpthesourcenot
tooffendanyone.
e)Culture—Thesourceneedstobeacquaintedwiththeculturein
whichthecommunicationencounteristakingplacetoachieve
effectivecommunication,.Thisisespeciallyimportantforcross-
culturalcommunication.
(8CommunicationModels:WhatTheyAre&HowTheyWork,n.d.)

50. ELEMENTS OF DAVID BERLO’S S -M-C-R MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
➢iscreatedwhenthespeaker
transformtheirthoughtsinto
words (8Communication
Models:WhatTheyAre&How
TheyWork,n.d.).

51. ELEMENTS OF DAVID BERLO’S S -M-C-R MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
a)Content-refers to the body of a message, from the
beginning to the end.
b)Elements–It includes various things like language,
gestures, body language, etc. They constitute all the
elements of a particular message. Any content is
accompanied by some elements.
c)Treatment–It refers to the packing of the message and
the way in which the message is conveyed or the way in
which it is passed on or delivered.

52. ELEMENTS OF DAVID BERLO’S S -M-C-R MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
a)Structure
-referstohowthemessageisarrangedortheway
peoplestructurethemessageintovariousparts.
a)Code
-referstohowthemessageissentandwhatformittakes.
-couldbelanguage,bodylanguage,gestures,music,and
more.

53. ELEMENTS OF DAVID BERLO’S S -M-C-R MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
➢Itreferstothefivesenseorgans.
➢canbeanyofthe5sensesor
combination.
(BERLO’SSMCRMODELOFCOMMUNICATION,2019)

54. ELEMENTS OF DAVID BERLO’S S -M-C-R MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
a)Hearing
•Through hearing, one can receive orally transmitted messages.
b) Seeing
•One can learn body language to written messages by seeing.
c) Touching
•Non-verbal messages are often transmitted through touch.
d) Smelling
•One can gather lots of information by smelling.
e) Tasting
•Information about food can be gathered with the help of the tongue
through the tasting.
(Bhasin, 2021)

55. ELEMENTS OF DAVID BERLO’S S -M-C-R MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
➢referstothepersonwhoreceives
anddecodesthemessage.
➢hastheresponsibilitytointerpretand
understandthemeaningofthe
messageofthesender.
(Bhasin,2021)

56. ELEMENTS OF DAVID BERLO’S S -M-C-R MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
a)Communication skills
•Areceiver being on the receiving end should possess
excellent listening skills to keep the communication going.
b) Attitude
•refers to the outlook of the receiver towards the sender and
their messages.
c) Knowledge
•A receiver should possess knowledge about the subject of
communication to interpret and understand the message
clearly.
(Bhasin, 2021)

57. ELEMENTS OF DAVID BERLO’S S -M-C-R MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
d) Social system
•Societal beliefs, values, etc.can influence the
receiver’s interpretation skills.
e) Culture
•influences the understanding and interpreting
abilities of a receiver.
(Bhasin, 2021)

58. B) INTERACTIVE COMMUNICATION MODELS
➢are used in internet-based and mediated
communication such as telephone conversations,
letters, etc.
➢refer to two-way communication with feedback.
•However, feedback within interactive communication
models is not simultaneous, but rather slow and
indirect.
(8 Communication Models: What They Are & How They Work, n.d.)

59. B) INTERACTIVE COMMUNICATION MODELS

60. WILLIAM LANG SCHRAMM
➢Birth:August5,1907
➢Death:December27,1987
➢wasascholarandan
AmericanCommunications
educator.

61. CHARLES EGERTON OSGOOD
➢Birth:November20,1916
➢Death:September15,1991
➢wasanAmericanpsychologist.
(CharlesE.Osgood,n.d.)

62. OSGOOD-SCHRAMM MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

63. OSGOOD-SCHRAMM MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
➢wascreatedinthe1950swhen
peoplebecamemoreinterested
instudyingcommunication.
•CharlesOsgoodworkedwith
WilburSchrammtomakethe
modelusingtheirknowledgeof
psychologyandcommunication
thatexplainshowpeople
communicate.
(Das,2024)

64. OSGOOD-SCHRAMM MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
➢Thereisnodifference
betweenasenderanda
receiver.Bothpartiesare
equallyencodingand
decodingthemessages.
Theinterpreteristhe
person tryingto
understandthemessage
atthatmoment.

65. 4 PRINCIPLES OF OSGOOD-SCHRAMM MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
1.Communicationiscircular.—Individualsinvolvedinthe
communicationprocessarechangingtheirrolesasencoders
anddecoders.
2.Communicationisequalandreciprocal.—Bothpartiesare
equallyengagedasencodersanddecoders.
3.Themessagerequiresinterpretation.—Theinformation
needstobeproperlyinterpretedtobeunderstood.
4.AsshownintheOsgood-Schrammcommunicationmodel
diagrambelow,thismodelproposes3stepsintheprocessof
communication:encoding,decoding,andinterpreting.
(8 Communication Models: What They Are & How They Work, n.d.)

66. COMPONENTS OF OSGOOD-SCHRAMM MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
1)Sender-thepersonorgroupstartingthecommunication.
2)Message-whatthesenderwantstocommunicatetothereceiver.
3)Receiver-referstothepersonmeanttogetthemessage.
4)Feedback-theresponsefromthereceivertothesender’smessage.
5)Context-thesituationandenvironmentwherecommunicationhappens.
6)Channel-thewaythemessageissharedfromthesendertothereceiver.
7)Noise-anythingthatdisruptscommunicationandcancausemisunderstandings.
(Das, 2024)

67. ➢Birth:May26,1915
➢Death:April2,1990
➢wasaspecialistinresearch
methodsandtheoryinthe
studyofsocialandmass
communications.
(BruceHWestley,2022)

68. ➢Birth:1913
➢Death:2001
➢wasadirectorofthe
UniversityofJournalism
School.

69. WESTLEY AND MCLEAN MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
➢isprimarilyusedforexplainingmass
communication.
•WestleyandMacLeanbelievedthat
communicationdoesn’tstartfromdayonebut
actuallybeginswhenthespeakerreceives
signalsormessagesfromhisexternal
surroundings.

70. WESTLEY AND MCLEAN MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

71. MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
Element#1:Environment(X)
➢referstothestimulusfromthe
environmentthatmotivatesa
persontocreateandsenda
message.

72. MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
Element#2:SensoryExperience(X¹)
➢referstowhatthesender
experiencesintheirenvironment
thatmotivate/triggersthemtosend
amessage.

73. MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
Element #3: Source/Sender (A)
•Inmasscommunication,a
sendercanbeanewscaster
sendingamessagetomillions
ofviewers.

74. MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
Element#4:Theobjectofthe
orientationofthesource(X²)
➢referstothesender’sbeliefsor
experiences.

75. MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
Element #5: Receiver (B)
•Inmasscommunication,a
receiverisapersonwho
watchesTV,readsanewspaper,
etc.

76. MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
Element#6:Theobjectofthe
orientationofthereceiver(X³)
➢referstothereceiver’sbeliefs
orexperiences,whichinfluence
howthemessageisreceived.

77. MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
Element#7:Feedback(F)
➢makesthemodelcircular,
ratherthanlinear.

78. MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
Element#8:Gatekeepers(C)
➢areeditorsofthemessages
thatthesenderaretryingto
communicatetoreceivers.
➢usuallyoccursinmass
communication,ratherthanin
interpersonalcommunication.

79. MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
1)Environment(X)
•Anearthquakethatstrikesamajorcity.
2)SensoryExperience(X¹)
•Ajournalistonthegroundfeelsthetremorsandseesbuildingscollapsingandpeople
panicking.Thesesensoryexperiences(sightofdestruction,soundsofalarms,etc.)
promptthejournalisttocommunicateabouttheearthquaketothebroaderpublic.
3)Source/Sender(A)
•Thejournalistbecomesthesender(A).Theygatherinformationwithhis/herteam,
suchasinterviewswithwitnesses,photos,andvideosofthedamage,anddecideto
informthepublicabouttheearthquakethroughalivenewsreport.
4)TheObjectoftheOrientationoftheSource(X²)
•Thejournalistisconcernedwithreportingtheseverityoftheearthquakeandtheneed
foremergencyresponse.Thejournalistwantstoconveytheurgencyofthesituationin
ordertoencouragepeopletoseeksafetyorinformingrescueteamsaboutthedamage.

80. MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
5)Gatekeeper(C)
•Aneditoratthenewsorganizationreviewsthejournalist’sfootage,decideswhichsegmentsto
broadcast,andselectsquotesfromtheinterviewsforthenewsreport.Theeditormightchoosetofocus
onhumanintereststoriesratherthantechnicaldetailsoftheearthquake.
6)Receiver(B)
•Theaudience(viewersathome,readersofthenewspaper)receivesthefilteredstory.
7)TheObjectoftheOrientationoftheReceiver(X³)
•Localresidents(B)mightbeconcernedwiththeirownsafety,andmayreactbyevacuatingbuildings
orcheckingonfamilymembers.
•Distantviewersmightbeconcernedaboutthewell-beingoffriendsorrelativeswholiveintheaffected
city,ortheymightfeelcompelledtodonatetodisasterreliefefforts.
8)Feedback(F)
•Localresidentsmightsendupdatesorfootagefromthescenebacktothenewschannelviasocial
media,helpingtoprovidemoreinformationtothejournalist.
•Distantviewersmightpostcommentsonsocialmediaorcontactthenewsstationtoaskformore
details,suchastheareasmostaffectedorupdatesonrescueefforts.Thisfeedbackcantheninfluencethe
journalist’ssubsequentreports

81. B) TRANSACTIONAL COMMUNICATION MODELS
➢arethemostdynamiccommunicationmodels,whichfirstintroduceanewtermforsendersand
receivers—communicators.
➢viewcommunicationasatransaction,meaningthatitisacooperativeprocessin
whichcommunicatorsco-createtheprocessofcommunication,therebyinfluencingitsoutcome
andeffectiveness.

82. BARLUND’S TRANSACTIONAL MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

83. BARLUND’S TRANSACTIONAL MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
➢recognizesthatcommunicationisacircularprocess
andamulti-layeredfeedbacksystembetweenthe
senderandthereceiver,bothofwhomcanaffectthe
messagebeingsent.
➢Thesenderandthereceiverchangetheirplacesand
areequallyimportant.Feedbackfromthesenderisthe
replyforthereceiver,andbothcommunicatorsprovide
feedback.

84. COMPONENTS OF BARLUND’S TRANSACTIONAL MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
•Encoding
•Decoding
•Communicators
-refers both to the sender and receiver.
•Message
-includes the cues, environment, and noise.
•Channel

85. BARLUND’S TRANSACTIONAL MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
➢accentuatestheroleofcuesinimpactingourmessages:
•Publiccues(environmentalcues),
•Privatecues(person’spersonalthoughtsandbackground),and
•Behavioralcues(person’sbehavior,thatcanbeverbalandnonverbal).
❑Allthesecues,aswellastheenvironmentandnoise,arepartofthe
message.Eachcommunicator’sreactiondependsontheirbackground,
experiences,attitudes,andbeliefs.
ExamplesofBarnlund’sModelofcommunicationinclude:
•Face-to-faceinteractions,
•Chatsessions,
•Telephoneconversations,
•Meetings,etc.

86. DANCE’S HELICAL MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

87. DANCE’S HELICAL MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
➢isrepresentedbyahelicalspiral
becauseitviewscommunicationasa
circularprocessthatgetsmoreand
morecomplexascommunication
progresses.

88. DANCE’S HELICAL MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
➢isrepresentedbyahelicalspiralbecauseitviews
communicationasacircularprocessthatgetsmoreandmore
complexascommunicationprogresses.
•Eachcommunicationencounterisdifferentfromtheprevious
onebecausecommunicationneverrepeatsitself.

89. DANCE’S HELICAL MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
➢isrepresentedbyahelicalspiralbecauseitviews
communicationasacircularprocessthatgetsmoreandmore
complexascommunicationprogresses.
•Eachcommunicationencounterisdifferentfromtheprevious
onebecausecommunicationneverrepeatsitself.

90. EXAMPLE OF DANCE’S HELICAL MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
➢Forinstance,asbabies,wecrytogetourmothers’
attention.Lateron,welearntospeakinwords,and
theninfullsentences.Duringthewholeprocess,we
buildonwhatweknowtoimproveourcommunication.
Everycommunicationactis,therefore,achanceforus
tolearnhowtocommunicatemoreeffectivelyinthe
future,andfeedbackhelpsusachievemoreeffective
communication.
❑Inaway,ourwholelifeisonecommunicationaljourney
towardthetopofDance’shelix.