communication ppt.pptx by Godfrey Njekwa

Communication by children prepared by Njekwa Godfrey

1. COMMUNICATION AND LEARNING BY CHILDREN By Njekwa kwalombota 4 th year bsc Nrs student

2. General objective At the end this session students should understand communication and learning by children

3. Specific objectives Define communication Explain the conversational styles of children Explain the stages of communication development children Explain the causes of communication disorders

4. Introduction The purpose of communicating is to meet our needs: Physical needs are meet though physical interactions. Isolated people tend to have shorter life spans, and those lacking that physical need have negative health affects.

5. Cont … Example: In Germany in 1196-1250, Emperor Frederick the II proved that lack of physical need can lead to death. He forced nurses and foster mothers not cuddle or nurture babies including speaking to them. He only allowed them to bath and feed the babies.

6. Cont … He was trying to prove what Mother Tongue they would speak, but was unsuccessful since all the babies died (Adler et al, 2012). Social needs are pleasure, companionship, control and affection.

7. Cont … . Identity needs are developed through others, seeing how people interact with one another and how they react to the individual help shape one’s identity. Practical goals are getting what we want from others (basic needs - food, air, and water).

8. Conversational styles Communication and Language Development Every child has different communication styles. From birth, children use their environment to grow communication skills. Along with each child's unique personality, the way that others interact with them help determine how they will communicate.

9. Cont … According to authors Weitzman and Greenberg of “Learning Language and Loving It”, they have identified four conversational styles that children develop as soon as they are born. These styles include personality, early interactions with caregivers, and communication feedback and their interactions among peers, caregivers and family.

10. Conversational styles The sociable Child The reluctant child The child with own agenda The passive

11. The sociable child The Sociable Child Initiates interactions. Responsive to others. With a language delay this child may be hard to understand or slow at talking, but still wants to interact with others

12. The reluctant child Seldom initiates. Usually not in a group – outsider. Difficulty with peer interactions and may take time to warm up. With a language delay, this child may be hard to understand, reluctant to initiate, or can’t communicate properly. This child will usually respond to others who try to interact with him /her

13. The child with own agenda Plays alone. No interest in interacting with others. May enjoy some social interactions

14. The passive child Seldom initiates or responds. No interest in objects or people around. Does not engage in social interaction. Development delay if child is consistently in this style

15. Stages of language development Stage 1 – Discoverer (birth to 8 months) Stage 2 – Communicator (8 to 13 months) Stage 3 – Firsts Words User (12 to 18 months) Stage 4 – Combiner (18 to 24 months) Stage 5 – Early Sentence User (2 to 3 years) Stage 6 – Later Sentence User (3 to 5 years)

16. Stage 1 Stage 1 – Discoverer “At this stage they communicate by crying, smiling, make sounds and look Interested but doesn’t send any messages. Expresses feelings through behaviour .

17. Cont … Caregivers respond to the Discoverer by watching their focus and state what the discoverer is looking at. A language delay at this stage would indicate a significant delay. Other delays can be evident such as cognitive or motor development

18. Stage 2 Stage 2 - Communicator : At this stage they communicate by making sounds, looks, and gestures. The use of gestures, gaze, sounds and expression help make messages mean something. Sociable Goal Minded Joint Attention

19. Cont … Sharing of information. A language delay at this stage would indicate child has difficulty learning how to use words. Their understanding is more advanced as compared to their ability to use their expressive language

20. Stage 3 Stage 3 – First Word User : at this stage words come out and it is a job of the caregiver to give them more words One to two words along with gestures. Up to about 50 words in this stage. Converse briefly. Conversational turn-taking.

21. Cont … Understanding of language. A language delay at this stage would indicate child may have difficulty expressing themselves but can still understand the language being spoken. Or, the child may be delayed in both expressive and language understanding.

22. Cont … Children delayed at this state may lack vocabulary expansion and show difficulties in participating in conversations. They may use more pictures and signs to help them communicate .

23. Stage 4 Stage 4 – Combiner; At this stage they put words together and begin to chat. Expands up to about 200 words in this stage. Single words into two word-sentences. Increased conversational turn-taking.

24. Cont … A language delay at this stage would indicate child may continue to use single words and some two worded sentences. Variations in receptive language plays a part in whether child understand the language. These children will take part in conversations, but only briefly, unless the caregiver can offer support in extending conversation turn-taking. Children may also have problems answering questions and making comments.

25. Stage 5 Stage 5 – Early Sentence User ; Their words and sentences now have grown and they can tell little stories on their own Two to five word sentences. Short conversations. Longer if child initiates them.

26. Cont … A language delay at this stage would indicate child does not understand grammar rules. Difficulties using pronouns and verbs. Short sentences. Expressing messages and explaining events with great difficulty. Unable to turn-take in conversations.

27. Stage 6 Stage 6 – Later Sentence User At this stage they learn to talk and take turn. 5,000 words in vocabulary. Imagination, stories full of information, events that are both current and future. Personal experiences. Sentences are four words long. Correct and complex grammar used with few errors. Linking more ideas together to make complex sentences

28. Causes of language disorders Causes of Speech and Language disorders Hearing loss. Neurological Disorders. Brain injury. Intellectual disabilities. Physical impairments such as cleft lip or palate, and vocal abuse or misuse.

29. Conclusion When working with young children, understanding their styles and stages of their communication development will help you create the best interaction possible. Recognizing that each child learns differently is crucial. Pediatricians consider factors like temperament, learning disabilities, and environmental influences. Educating parents about fostering a supportive learning environment at home is key. This includes encouraging curiosity, providing educational resources, and being involved in their child’s learning process.