Communication.pptx

Concept of Communication
Characteristics of Communication
Elements of Communication
Process of Communication

1. Topic: Communication Dr. Pooja Walia Assistant Professor Department of Education Mizoram University

2. Outline of the Presentation Concept of Communication Characteristics of Communication Elements of Communication Process of Communication

3. Communication Communication is the exchange of information and ideas. It decides the very identity of human beings . It is an integral part of human existence.

4. Meaning of Communication Etymologically the word "communication" comes from the Latin word communis, meaning common. When we communicate we are trying to establish ‘ com monness' with someone. That is, we are trying to share information, an idea or an attitude.

5. Definition of Communication The New Webster's dictionary defines communication as " the act or fact of communicating transmission, the imparting or interchange of thoughts, opinions, or information by speech, writing or signs that which is communicated or imparted; a document or message imparting views or information ."

6. Definition of Communication According to the Oxford dictionary “ Communication is the imparting, conveying or exchanging of ideas, knowledge etc., by means of speech, writing or any attempt to define communication, has to take into consideration the idea of mutuality and commonness, an exchange, a shared environment, a social relationship among the participants and the existence of a common need, urge, aim or goal ”.

7. Definitions of Communication According to Denis McQuail , communication is a "process which increases commonality". Theodore Newcomb defines “communication as that process by which people influence each other or leave impression on others”.

8. Definitions of Communication According to Edgar Dales (1961) Communication is defined as the sharing of ideas and feeling in a mood of mutuality”. “Communication is a social process of interaction through messages".

9. Characteristics of Communication It is a purposeful process which involves s ender , messages, channels and receivers. It involves interaction . It is interchange of thoughts, opinions or information by speech, writing and signs. It is continuous process. It occurs everywhere intentionally or un intentionally. It has content and relational aspects. Nature of relationship depends upon the punctuation of the dialogue between the participants .

10. Elements of Communication The most widely accepted model of communication is that of Harold Lasswell and David Berlo . According to their model, communication requires at least four elements - ( SMCR). The source/sender Message Channel Receiver

11. Process of Communication Communication as a two way process involving interaction between two or more persons. It is a cyclic process of transferring information from a sender to a receiver with the use of a medium in which the information is understood by both sender and receiver.

12. Source/Sender The source of communication is the sender who has a message to impart. The sender has to decide how to communicate a message, which channel is to be selected for the message and what type of strategies should be planned so that the message makes the desired response. The sender provides verbal or non-verbal cues that can be received, interpreted and responded by the receiver.

13. Message Message is a set of signs and symbols which are given by the source to create meanings for the receiver. It is the content which is shared between the participants in the communication process. To make the message effective, the sender has to understand the nature and profile of the receiver of the message, his/her needs and expectations and possible response to the message.

14. Channel Channel is the medium used to communicate a message from the sender to receiver. It could be spoken word, printed word, electronic media, or even non-verbal cues such as signs, gestures, body language, facial expressions, etc. The selection of an appropriate channel is crucial for the success of communication. In modern communication parlance, the word 'channel' mostly refers to mass communication media such as newspapers, radio, television, telephone, computers, internet etc.

15. Receiver Communication can’t take place without a receiver for whom the message is meant. The person known as receiver who receive the messages, interpret it and derive meaning from it. For the successful communication, the receiver should receive the message in the same way it was meant by the sender. E.g. In interpersonal communication the receiver shares a close relationship with the sender which gradually gets diluted in group and mass communication.

16. Noise Noise is distortion in a message which affects the flow of communication. Noise could be due to internal as well as external sources. Noise creates barriers in communication and it could be of many types.

17. Type of Noise There are two major types of communication noise; channel noise and semantic noise. Channel noise includes any disturbance which interferes with the fidelity of the physical transmission of the message. In mass communication channel noise includes such diverse disturbances as static on the radio, smeared ink on paper, a rolling screen on television, or too small types in print. In short all distractions between source and audience may be termed channel noise. (e.g. cross talk on telephone is a channel noise).

18. Type of Noise Semantic noise is the type of noise that occurs when a message is misunderstood even though it is received exactly as it was transmitted. This happens when the senders and receivers have no common frame of reference, or have divergent field of experience. Sources of semantic noise include: words or subjects too difficult to grasp; differences in denotative or connotative meaning of words between sender and receiver; cultural differences between the message-sender and the message-receiver .

19. Feedback Feedback is the receiver's reaction to the message. It may be favourable or unfavourable. But feedback is necessary to know if the communication has been effective or not. The element of feedback gets gradually diluted when the number of participants in communication activity increases . Feedback includes questionnaire, letters to the editor, opinion, forums, comments etc.

20. Encoding & Decoding Encoding: Transfer of thoughts and feelings into widely accepted, agreeable and understandable verbal or non verbal signs and symbols. Decoding: Conversion of verbal or non verbal signs and symbols in to understandable thoughts that intended by the sender is known as decoding.

21. Classification of Communication Communication is classified on the basis of people involved. The types of communication are as follows; Intrapersonal Communication Interpersonal Communication Group Communication Mass Communication Further it may be classified on the basis of medium into two; Verbal Communication Non-Verbal Communication

22. Intrapersonal Communication Intrapersonal Communication is the communication that occurs in our own mind. It is the basis of our feelings, biases, prejudices, beliefs etc. E.g. When we make any kind of decision-what to eat or wear, what do we want to do on the weekend or when we think about another person.

23. Interpersonal Communication Interpersonal Communication is the communication occurs between two people. E.g. When you talk to your friend, teacher discusses the assignment with a student, employer talks to potential employee during a meeting.

24. Group Communication As the name suggests, when people communicate in group situations, this is known as group communication. This is an extension of interpersonal communication where more than two individuals are involved in the process of communication. The groups can be both formal as well as informal depending on the type and objectives of communication but generally they have common interests and goals. The group dynamics can be different as well as complex.

25. Group Communication When number of receivers are more than, such type of communication is known as group communication. It is classifies into two; One to group Communication Small group Communication The communication process in a group depends on its size, nature, objectives and dynamics.

26. Examples of Group Communication For example, communication in a small group with members at the same place will be close to interpersonal communication as the receiver can see the sender of the message closely and follow his/her facial expressions, body language etc. S/he can pose questions and get the doubts clarified and thus obtain feedback. However, when the size of the group increases, there is less scope for understanding and deciphering the movements, body language and other such things about the speaker. The sender may not follow the response of the individual receiver and thus the feedback is reduced.

27. One to Group Communication

28. Small Group Communication

29. Mass Communication Mass communication is the process of imparting and exchanging information through mass media to large segments of the population. It is usually understood for relating to various forms of media, as these technologies are used for the dissemination of information, of which journalism and advertising are part of.

30. Mediums of Mass communication Radio Television Social Networking Newspapers Magazines Film Internet

31. Advantages of M ass Communication Quick Transmission of Information Cover Numerous Receivers Access to Remote area

32. Types of Communication People communicate with each other in a number of ways such as speech, writing, signs etc. The classification of communication on the basis of medium involved are as follows V erbal Communication Non-verbal Communication Objective of each communication type is to have people understanding of the message what we are trying to convey.

33. Verbal Communication Verbal communication refers to a form of communication in which message is transmitted verbally; communication is done by word of mouth and a piece of writing.

34. Classification of Verbal Communication Oral Communication In oral communication, Spoken words are used. It includes face-to-face conversations, speech, telephonic conversation, video, radio, television, voice over internet. Written Communication In written communication, written signs or symbols are used to communicate. A written message may be printed or hand written. In written communication message can be transmitted via email, letter, report, memo etc.

35. Advantages and Disadvantages of Oral communication Advantages It brings quick feedback. In a face-to-face conversation, by reading facial expression and body language one can guess whether he/she should be trustworthy or not. Disadvantage In face-to-face discussion, user is unable to think deeply about what s/ he is delivering . Not in the position to alter or modify his thoughts .

36. Advantages of written communication Messages can be edited and revised many time before it is actually sent. Written communication provide record for every message sent and can be saved for later study. A written message enables receiver to fully understand it and send appropriate feedback.

37. Disadvantages of written communication Unlike oral communication, written communication doesn’t bring instant feedback. It takes more time in composing a written message as compared to word-of-mouth. It is not good enough for those who have poor writing skills.

38. Non-verbal Communication The Non-verbal communication is the process of conveying meaning without the use of words either written or spoken. In other words, any communication made between two or more persons through the use of facial expressions, hand movements, body language, postures, and gestures is called as non-verbal communication .

39. Salient features of Non-verbal Communication Appearance Speaker: clothing, hairstyle, neatness, use of cosmetics Surrounding: room size, lighting, decorations, Body Languag e facial expressions, gestures, postures Sounds Voice Tone, Volume, Speech rate

40. Classroom Communication It is a communication between teacher and learner. Teacher deliver the content to students through communication. Teaching is a collaborative experience which depends act of communication. Two types of Communication occurs in the classroom i.e. V erbal Communication Non-verbal Communication

41. Classroom Verbal Communication One way Communication Lecture Seminar Individual Presentation Two way Communication Between Teacher and Student Between Student and Student Tutorials Group Discussion

42. Classroom Non-verbal Communication Non-verbal communication involves the following; Postures Gestures Body Language

43. Thanks a lot! [email protected]