Communication process and elements of communication [Lab1]

Communication process and elements of communication

1. Communication Process and Elements of Communication AAC-307 Communication skills for Agricultural Development Dr. Arpita Sharma Assistant Professor, Dept. of Agricultural Communication, College of Agriculture GBPUA&T, Pantnagar Email Id: [email protected]

2. Communication According to John W. Newstrom , communication is the transfer of information from one person to another . He believes that it is a way of reaching other by transmitting idea, facts, thoughts, feelings and values.

3. Elements of Communication There are six elements of Communication which includes: Sender/encoder Message Channel Treatment of Message Receiver/decoder Feedback/Audience Response

4. 1. Sender/Communicator/Encoder The sender also known as the encoder decides on the message to be sent, the best/most effective way that it can be sent. All of this is done bearing the receiver in mind. It is his/her job to  conceptualize . Credibility means trustworthiness and competence. Characteristics of good communicator: 1- Objective. 2-Audience 3-Message 4-Organization and treatment of message. 5-Professional abilities and limitation.

5. Role of an individual Audience and its welfare. Message and how it can help the people. Results of communication and their evaluation. Communication process. Communication channel. Improvement of communication skills. Individual has skill in selecting messages, treating messages, expressing messages, understanding the audience, collecting evidences of results.

6. 2. Message Message should clearly state what to do, how to do and when to do and what would be the result. A good message should be: In-Line Clear Significant Specific Simply stated. Accurate Timely Applicable Adequate Handled by the communicator.

7. 3. Channel The channel is that which is responsible for the delivery of the chosen message form. For example post office, internet, radio. Channel of the communication constitutes the medium through which information flows from sender to receiver.

8. According to form Spoken Farm and Home visit Farmers Call Meetings Radio Talk Written Personal letter Farm publication Newspaper

9. According to nature of personnel involved Personal localite : Local leader, Local people Personal Cosmopolite : Communication channel from outside the social system of the receiver. Impersonal cosmopolite : Communication channel from outside the social system of the receiver and at the same time no personal face to face contact is involved.

10. According to nature of contact with the people Individual contact: Farm visit, farmers’ Call, personal letter. Group Contact: Group meetings, Small Group Training, Study tour. Mass contact: Mass Meetings, Exhibition, Radio, Television.

11. 4. Treatment and presentation Treatment means the way a message is processed so that the information gets across the audience. The purpose of treatment is to make the message clear, understandable and realistic to the audience . Presentation means how the message is communicated or placed before the audience. Treatment and presentation of the message shall depend to great extent on choice of the channel and nature of the audience.

12. 5. Receiver / Audience/ Decoder The receiver or the decoder is responsible for extracting/decoding meaning from the message. The receiver is also responsible for providing feedback to the sender. In a word, it is his/her job to interpret . The audience or receiver of message is the target of communication.

13. 6. Audience response Response of the audience is the ultimate objective of any communication function. Response of an audience to message received may be in the form of some kind of action, mental and physical. Variety of responses: Understanding vs knowledge. Acceptance vs Rejection. Remembering vs Forgetting. Mental vs Physical Action.

14. Feedback This is important as it determines whether or not the decoder grasped the intended meaning and whether communication was successful. Feedback means carrying some significant response of the audience back to the communicator. Feedback is source oriented. Varies in different communication situation.

15. Noise This is any factor that inhibits the conveyance of a message. That is, anything that gets in the way of the message being accurately received, interpreted and responded to. Noise may be internal or external. Information which is relevant to a particular set of audience constitutes the message, otherwise for them that is noise.

16. A student worrying about an incomplete assignment may not be attentive in class (internal noise) or the sounds of heavy rain on a galvanized roof may inhibit the reading of a storybook to second graders (external noise).

17. Claude Shannon Born in 1916 Known as the “Father of Information Theory” 1932 –University of Michigan (1) Electrical engineering (2) Mathematics 1937 – F ounding both digital computer and digital circuit design theory 1938 – Master Degree ; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

18. American Mathematician, ”The mathematical theory of communication” Objectives: To discover how communication messages could be converted into electronic signals efficiently Identify the quickest and most efficient way to get a message from one point to another How to transmit signals with a minimum error.

19. Shannon’s Elements of Communication Process Information Source Encoder The channel Decoder Receiver Destination

20. Sender : Ryan Gosling “Come Here, I want To See You.” Encoder : Telephone (Ryan Gosling) Channel : Cable Noise : Distraction in voice (workplace noises) Reception : Telephone (Assistant ) Receiver : Assistant Received: “I want” only. Practical Example of Shannon model communication process

21. The basic chart of Shannon’s theory of communication Process Process

22. In-depth communication process With noise With multilevel encoding/decoding

23. What she said: I like apples. Do you want to go buy some apples with me? (while communicating at a farm) What you heard: I like apples. Do you want to go burn houses with me?

24. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING 