Community Diagnosis in gondar universty college of .ppt

this is a short description about community diagnosis in public health

1. 1
Community Diagnosis

2. 2
•Community diagnosis is a community
health needs assessment
•Community diagnosis is a process that:
describes the state of health of local
people;
enables the identification of the major
health problems
enables the identification of the actions
needed to address these.

3. 3
•A community health needs assessment is
not a one-off activitybut a developmental
process that is added to and amended
over time.
•It is not an endin itself but a way of using
information to plan health care and public
health programmes in the future.

4. 4
The steps of community diagnosis
are as follows.
1.Profiling (data collection, analysis and
interpretation)
2.Deciding on priorities for action
3. Planning public health and health care
programmes to address the priority issues
4. Implementing the planned activities
5. Evaluation of health outcomes

5. 5
Why do it?
•Community diagnosis will enable the
health worker to:
plan and deliver the most effective care to
those in greatest need;
apply the principles of equity and social
justice in practice;
ensure that scarce resources are allocated
where they can give maximum health
benefit; and

6. 6
work collaboratively with the community, other
professionals and agencies to determine which
health issues cause greatest concern and plan
interventions to address those issues.

7. 7
Factors affecting health
Health is affected by a number of factors:
•the physical environment in which people
live, such as the quality of the air they
breathe and the water they drink;
•the social environment –the level of social
and emotional support people receive from
friends and/or family;

8. 8
•Poverty, a significant factor worldwide,
which shortens and reduces enjoyment of
life;
•Behaviour and lifestyle –for example,
smoking causes lung cancer and coronary
heart disease so a reduction in this
behaviour will reduce the disease;
•

9. 9
Part I-profiling of the population
•Think about what you want to find out
about your local population.
•What information will help you define and
describe the community and its health
needs?

10. 10
•You may find it helpful to ask yourself the
following questions.
1. What are the key characteristics of the
population (demography)?
2. What is the health status of the people?
3. What local factors are affecting their health and
what impact do they have (good and bad)?
4. What services are currently being provided?
5. What are the national and local priorities for
health? (poulation policy of Ethiopia ,MDG)

11. 11
What are the key characteristics of
the population?
Numbers: how many people?
Age distribution: what age are they?
•It is important to examine the age
distribution of a community because this
will have a major influence on health
needs.
•(national see table)

12. 12

13. 13
•Gender distribution: how many males
and females?
•Ethnicity and religion
•Population trends: patterns over a
period of time
•Language and literacy

14. 14
The health status of the
population
•Mortality data
•This generally describes patterns of death
in relation to age, gender and cause of
death.

15. 15

16. 16
•Morbidity data
•This is information on types of illness and
disability, their incidence and prevalence.
•Use of service information

17. 17
Local factors affecting health
•Environment
–Housing
–Sanitation
–Pollution

18. 18
Priorities by the government
•Maternal health
•Pregnancy
•Family planning
•Child health
–Breastfeeding
–Morbidity
–Harmful traditional practice
–immunization

19. 19

20. 20
Part two-prioritization
•The selection criteria for priority setting
are:-
•Magnitude of the problem
•Degree of severity (consequent suffering
and disability)
•Feasibility-interns of cost effectiveness
and social acceptability of intervention.
•Sustainability in terms of resources and
organizational capacity

21. 21
•Community concern
•Political and social acceptability with
consideration of equity

22. 22

23. 23