community medicine seminar. On pregenancy 9f diffrent trimester lab investigationpdf

Each every aspect of community Medicine is involved

1. LAB INVESTIGATIONS DURING 1ST
TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY
Presented by :-
Keshabanandadoley(85)
Md.AnwarRaishSheikh
(86)
Md.ShahidulIslam(87)
Puja Hajong(88)
SampriKramsapi(89)
PrasantaDoley(90)
AlongkritaBorah(91)
Amanpradhan(92)
AnusmitaSaikia(93)
Mayuriborah (94)
RijuUpadhaya(95)

2. Lab investigations during First Trimester
●Blood : Hemoglobin, ABO, Rh grouping, blood glucose
●Urine: Protein, sugar and pus cells
●VDRL test for Syphilis
●Serological tests for rubella, hepatitis B virus and HIV
●Genetic screening:Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP)
●Cervical cytology study.

3. Haemoglobin test
A haemoglobin test measures the level of haemoglobin in blood.
It is used for the detection of anaemia.
According to the standard laid down by WHO, anemia in
pregnancy is present when the hemoglobin concentration in the
peripheral blood is 11 g/100 ml or less.
Grading of anemia is done according to the level of hemoglobin:
Mild : 8 -10 gm%,
Moderate : 8 -7 gm%
Severe : less than 7 gm%.

4. Blood grouping and Rh typing
Rh typing is done to identify Rh negative mother. It is important to know
because if the mother is Rh negative and the father is Rh positive, there
is a chance of development of Rh positive foetus. This will give rise to the
development of iso -immunisation in the mother with its hazard on the
foetus in subsequent pregnancies.
This can be avoided by providing the mother with anti -D antibody in
pregnancy and immediately after delivery within 72 hours

5. Random blood sugar
It is used to detect diabetes Mellitus
Diagnosis of pregestational/overt diabetes
a)FBS: more or equal to126mg/dl
b)2 hour PPBS:moreor equal to 200mg/dl
c)HbA1c: more or equal to 6.5

6. Urine Routine Microscopy
It is used to see the presence of protein, sugar and pus cells.
●Protein excretion of > 5 gm/ 24 hours is associated with
severe pre -eclampsia.
●Presence of sugar in urine should be followed by blood
sugar estimation to exclude diabetes.
●Presence of significant number of pus cells (> 5 pus cells/
high power field) helps to diagnoses urinary tract infection
and should be followed by culture and sensitivity test.

7. If significant proteinuria is found, “clean catch” specimen of midstream
urine is collected for culture and sensitivity test.
To collect the midstream urine, the patient is advised to clean the vulva
and to collect the urine in a clean container during the middle of the act of
urination.
Presence of nitrites and/or leukocyte esterase by dipstick indicates urinary
tract infection

8. Serological tests
1.HBsAg test
It is used to detect Hepatitis B viral infection
Serological screening for hepatitis B virus should
be offered to pregnant women so that effective
postnatal interventions can be offered to infected
women to decrease the risk of mother-to-child
transmission
2. VDRL
VDRL stands for Venereal Disease Research Laboratory.
It is a serological test used for the screening of Syphilis.

9. Genetic screening
Maternal serum
alpha-fetoprotein
(MSAFP), triple
test at 15–18
weeks for
mother at risk of
carrying a fetus
with neural tube

10. Cervical Cytology Study
This study can help us
find precancerous
cells and cervical
cancer cells.