Community service regarding Disaster management

CSL Course on disaster management

1. INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO
DISASTERDISASTER
PREPAREDNESS & PREPAREDNESS &
RESPONSERESPONSE

2. Sequence
•Some Basic Definitions
•Disaster Cycle
•Preparedness for
Earthquakes, Floods,
Terror Attacks
•Pakistan--Hazard
Profile
•Disaster Management
Framework
•Video 1: Earthquake
Response
•Video 2: Flood
Response
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3. Basic Definitions Related to Disaster
•Hazard: potentially dangerous phenomenon that may cause
loss of life, property, construction, etc
•Vulnerability: susceptibility to damaging effects of a
hazard
•Capacity: ability to deal with hazards; combination of
strengths and resources
•Risk: probability of damage by a hazard, due to
construction type or proximity to a hazardous area etc
•Disaster: Actual losses exceeding capability of community
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4. 4

5. Disaster Cycle
•Response/ReliefResponse/Relief:
Actions immediately
after a disaster to
address basic needs
e.g declaring
emergency, search
and rescue of
survivors, meet basic
needs for shelter, shelter,
water, food and water, food and
health carehealth care
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6. Disaster Cycle
•Rehabilitation/ Rehabilitation/
Reconstruction Reconstruction : Actions to
assist victims to repair their repair their
sheltersshelters and re-establish
essential services
•DevelopmentDevelopment: Sustained Sustained
efforts to improve or efforts to improve or
maintain maintain economic well-
being of a community
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7. Disaster Cycle
•Prevention/ Prevention/
Mitigation Mitigation :
Measures taken to
avert a disaster from
occurring, if possible
or measures before
a disaster to
minimize its effects
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8. Disaster Cycle
•PreparednessPreparedness: Measures taken in anticipation of a
disaster to ensure effective response and recovery ensure effective response and recovery
after a disaster. after a disaster. It is knowledge and capacity It is knowledge and capacity
developmentdevelopment
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9. Disaster Preparedness
•Mentally prepared Mentally prepared
–where to gowhere to go
–what to carrywhat to carry
–when and how to movewhen and how to move
•Physically prepared Physically prepared
–Capacity buildingCapacity building
–ShelterShelter
–Emergency plan, kit & suppliesEmergency plan, kit & supplies to survive for to survive for
a few days without any helpa few days without any help
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10. Disaster Preparedness:
Capacity Building
•Local knowledge – emergency planLocal knowledge – emergency plan
•Family & Community supportFamily & Community support
•Community organizationCommunity organization
•Responsive government/Disaster Management Responsive government/Disaster Management
Authority Authority
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11. Disaster Preparedness: ShelterShelter
•Think of a Shelter you would take refuge in, when
disaster strikes
•When taking shelter
–Must know how to switch off electricity, gas, water
–Must inspect all exterior then interior for cracks etc
before taking refuge
–Do not light a match before ensuring no gas leakage –
use torch instead
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12. Disaster Preparedness: Disaster Preparedness:
Emergency KitEmergency Kit
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‘Must Always
Ready Items’
1.1.First aid kitFirst aid kit
2.2.Torch/lights/ Torch/lights/
candles with candles with
batteries and batteries and
matchboxesmatchboxes
3.3.Battery powered Battery powered
radioradio
4.4.Cash with small Cash with small
notesnotes
5.5.Map / Emergency Map / Emergency
plan if availableplan if available
6.6.Whistle, KnifeWhistle, Knife
‘If possible’ items
Money, jewelry, medical and
property documents, degrees
Extra clothes/footwear
Extra water
Blankets / sleeping bags
Garbage bags
Soap, Tissue paper
Utensils, Stove
Water purifying tablets /
Chlorine
Basic tools (hammer, pliers,
screw driver, gloves, shovel)
Easy to find in a disaster
Easy to carry
Inspect all items 6-monthly
‘Must Take Along
Items’
1.Food: easily stored
and cook-able
2.Water: 2 Litre per
person per day
3.Car/home keys
4.Special items: e.g
medication etc for
babies, equipment
for disabled

13. Earthquakes
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14. Preparedness for Earthquake
•If living on fault lines, prepare emergency kit
•Get loose/damaged construction repaired in your home
•Know/teach how to turn off gas, electricity, water
•Inspect your home and tie/secure loose and heavy items
e.g shelves, furniture, mirrors, wall hangings etc
•Draw curtains (for broken window glass)
•Keep all flammables away from heat sources
•Keep your radio on to know: what areas are affected;
where to go and when to leave
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15. During Earthquake
•If you are outside, stay out away from If you are outside, stay out away from
buildingsbuildings
•If inside: DROP – COVER – HOLDIf inside: DROP – COVER – HOLD
–DropDrop under heavy furniture, table, bed etc. If
that is not possible, get under staircase or flatten
yourself against a wall
–CoverCover your head to prevent being hit by falling
objects
–HoldHold onto the object you are under so that you
remain covered 15

16. After Earthquake
•Tune on to radio for more warnings/instructions. Be prepared
for after shocks
•If possible frequent SMS are preferred over telephone calls
(energy saving/voice quality)
•Check your home/building for damage before entering
•If safe to enter, collect emergency supplies
•If tap water is available, fill up buckets, tubs
•Do not light a match before ensuring no gas leakage – use
torch instead
•Get online Get online if possible: facebook / emails / twitter / own
webpages etc to appeal for help. Decide what help and how
you are going to need and from whom to accept it
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17. Floods
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18. Preparedness for Floods
•Get loose/damaged construction repaired in
your home
•If forecasted, prepare emergency kit
•Know/teach how to turn off gas, electricity, water
•Keep all flammables away from heat sources
•Keep your radio on to know
–what areas are affected
–where to go
–when to leave
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19. During Floods
•Do not move towards floods – never try to
cross a flooded area. Water is always
deeper than it looks !
•Avoid driving on bridges with very high
and fast moving water. If required leave
your car and move on foot

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20. After a Flood
•Unless the area is declared safe, do not
return home
•Do not turn on main power and all
electrical appliances until an electrician
inspects it
•Flood water is highly contaminated and
dangerous. Do not drink stored water if
mixed up with flood water
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21. After a Flood
Care for yourself Care for yourself - then - then your family and
then others
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22. Volunteering for Disasters
Volunteers have established contributions Volunteers have established contributions
before, during and after a disaster. They before, during and after a disaster. They
can contribute in: can contribute in:
•Mitigation/PreparednessMitigation/Preparedness
–Training of monitoring/warning/first aid, team Training of monitoring/warning/first aid, team
building, communications network etcbuilding, communications network etc
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23. Volunteering for Disasters
•ResponseResponse
Search & rescue, water rescue, first aid, Search & rescue, water rescue, first aid,
damage assessment, shelter management, damage assessment, shelter management,
fund raising & relief supplies management etcfund raising & relief supplies management etc
•RehabilitationRehabilitation
UN and Red cross have well-organized UN and Red cross have well-organized
volunteering systems: spontaneous, volunteering systems: spontaneous,
trained and professional volunteerstrained and professional volunteers
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24. 24
1.Fully cooperate with gate security staff – never act
annoyed. It builds their confidence
2.If you know a suspicious person (not making eye
contact, alone and looking confused) or a suspicious
bag/device, please inform security immediately. Don’t
be afraid/ashamed of being wrong, while calling -
your timely action may save many precious lives
3.Know of all exits of hostels, school building, home
4.During firing/attack, duck down, lay down and pretend
to be dead

25. 25
Govt helplines:
National Counter Terrorism
Authority (NACTA)
helpline:17171717
Pak Army helplinePak Army helpline::11351135
NUST numbers
NUST Chief Security Officer Col
Aftab: 051-90851525, 051-90851525,
0323-85577760323-8557776
NUST Security Officer Sultan:
051-90851515, 051-90851515,
0307-55586920307-5558692
NUST Security: 051-90851548, 051-90851548,
051-90851596051-90851596

26. Terrorism preparednessTerrorism preparedness
Safety Tips
•Always stay alert and be aware of your surroundings, get to know people
where you live and work. Keep a vigilant eye
•Authenticate persons before renting them room or house
•Be careful in crowded places.
•Do not accept any parcels from strangers, explosive could be concealed
in a number of
  objects including toys, transistors, lunch boxes, bottles,
bags etc.
http://punjabpolice.gov.pk/safetytips

27. Terrorism preparednessTerrorism preparedness
Safety Tips.
•While traveling, always check under your seats for any suspicious
objects.
•Keep your mobile phone charged and make sure that all emergency
numbers are saved in your mobile.
•Lock doors while driving.
•Ensure that you close all windows and quarter glasses of your vehicle
and lock up the vehicle every time you park it, even if you’ll be gone
only for a short while. The bonnet and boot should also be properly
secured.
•Before opening a car door, drivers should make sure that its boot,
bonnet and
 doors have not been tempered with.
http://punjabpolice.gov.pk/safetytips

28. Terrorism preparednessTerrorism preparedness
Safety Tips..
•People have to be aware of all the signs of suspected suicide bombers, for
example, putting on abnormally extra clothing, walking heavy-footed,
 looking
nervous, displaying suspicious behavior etc.
http://punjabpolice.gov.pk/safetytips

29. Pakistan-Hazard ProfilePakistan-Hazard Profile
•Pakistan is a country of diverse natural and physical
environment. This diversity is a blessing of Allah,
the Almighty, which makes this country the
custodian of variety of natural resources.
•This diversified environment, however, is also a
challenge and threat as it may also give birth to a
variety of natural disasters such as Earthquake,
Floods, Landslides
http://www.saarc-sadkn.org/countries/pakistan/hazard_profile.aspx

30. Pakistan-Hazard ProfilePakistan-Hazard Profile
•Pakistan also continues to suffer human induced
disasters such as civil unrest and terrorism, refugees
and internally displaced people, health epidemics,
transport accidents, industrial accidents and war.
•The human impact of natural disasters in Pakistan
can be judged by the fact that 6,037 people were
killed and 8,989,631 affected in the period between
1993 and 2002 (World Disasters Report 2003,
Geneva)
http://www.saarc-sadkn.org/countries/pakistan/hazard_profile.aspx

31. Pakistan-Hazard ProfilePakistan-Hazard Profile
•Earthquake:
•Pakistan lies in a seismic belt and therefore suffers from frequent
earthquakes of moderate to strong magnitudes.
•Mountain ranges of Koh-e-Sulieman, Indo – Kohistan, Hindu Kush and
Korakuram are significantly vulnerable.
•The devastation can be immense because of the poor quality of
buildings and exposure of larger population to earthquake risks.
•There was a major earthquake in Quetta, Balochistan, in 1935 when the
entire city was destroyed. Devastating earthquakes of 2005 and 2013 have
caused loss of precious lives and property.

32. 32

33. Pakistan-Hazard ProfilePakistan-Hazard Profile
•Floods:
•Pakistan is one of the five South Asian countries with the highest annual
average number of people physically exposed to floods.
•Monsoon floods are common in Pakistan
•The mountain ranges in the extreme north of Pakistan provide a perennial
source of inflow into the rivers.
•Floods particularly hit Punjab and Sindh while hill torrents tend to effect the
hilly areas of KPK, Balochistan and the federally administered areas
•Floods due to the breaches of river embankments and canal breaches
are a frequent occurrence in all the districts of Pakistan

34. Pakistan-Hazard ProfilePakistan-Hazard Profile
Year (Flood) No of Events Lost Lives Affected Villages
1950-2013 21 11526 188531

35. Pakistan-Hazard ProfilePakistan-Hazard Profile
•Land slide:
•The regions of Kashmir, Northern Areas and parts of the KPK are
particularly vulnerable to landslide hazard.
•Aside from the type of mountain ranges, accelerated deforestation is a
major cause behind increased incidences of landslides.
•Small scale isolated landslide hazards happen frequently in the above
mentioned regions. Frequency of landslides may increase in future since the
forest cover is shrinking.

36. Pakistan-Hazard ProfilePakistan-Hazard Profile
Cyclones:
•The occurrence of cyclone in Pakistan is not a frequent phenomenon, but it
has history of causing a large-scale damage to coastal areas of Sindh.
•The period 1971-2001 records 14 cyclones. Latest study revealed that the
coastal areas of Sindh are most vulnerable and exposed to cyclones.
•Each year before the onset of monsoon that is 15 April to 15 July and also
after its withdrawal that is 15 September to 15 December, there is always a
distinct possibility of the cyclonic storm to develop in the north Arabian Sea.

37. Pakistan-Hazard ProfilePakistan-Hazard Profile
•Drought:
•In recent years drought is reported to have brought extensive damages to
Balochistan, Sindh and Southern Punjab where average rainfall is low.
• Severe drought periods in years 2000 and 2002 resulted in human deaths,
pushed tens of thousands people to migrate, and killed large numbers of
cattle.
•The main arid rangelands are Thar, Cholistan, Dera Ghazi Khan,
Tharparkar, Kohistan, and western Balochistan.
•Except Balochistan, all of these areas are within the range of monsoon
rainfall, which, however, is erratic and scattered. Hence, 2 to 3 years in
every 10 years in these areas are drought years.

38. Pakistan-Hazard ProfilePakistan-Hazard Profile
Top 10 Natural Disasters in Pakistan for the period 1900 to
2011 Numbers of total affected people
Disaster Date No Total Affected
Flood August-2013 1,489,063
Flood Sep-2012 4,849,841
Flood August 2011 9,275,568
Flood 28-Jul-2010 20,202,327
Flood 9-Feb-2005 7,000,450
Flood 8-Sep-1992 6,655,450
Flood 15-Jul-1992 6,184,418
Flood 2-Aug-1976 5,566,000
Earthquake 24-Sep-2013
185,150
27,070 (Families)
Earthquake 8-Oct-2005 5,128,000
Flood Aug-1973 4,800,000
Flood Jul-1978 2,246,000
Drought Nov-1999 2,200,000
Storm 26-Jun-2007 1,650,000

39. Disaster Management FrameworkDisaster Management Framework
The Emergency Relief Cell in the federal Government has
been vested with important responsibility for emergency
relief management, such as
•To provide in cash as well as in kind to supplement the
resources of the provincial government at the event of
major disasters
•To coordinate the activities of the federal Division,
Provincial governments as well as governmental, semi
governmental, International and national aid- giving
agencies, in the conduct of operations for relief of Disasters
•To maintain contact of operations for relief of disasters

40. Disaster Management FrameworkDisaster Management Framework
•To maintain contact with international aid- giving
agencies/ voluntary organizations and donor countries of
disaster relief measures
•To administer relief funds, being maintained at the
federal level
•To stockpile certain items of basic necessity and
establish central inventory of resources

41. Disaster Management FrameworkDisaster Management Framework
National Disaster Management Authority
Institutional and Legal Arrangements:
•Provincial Disaster Management Authorities (PDMA’s) have been
established in all provinces including AJK, FATA, and Gilgit-Baltistan
•District Disaster Management Authorities (DDMA’s) have also been
notified throughout Pakistan and efforts are being made to make them
fully functional
•Establishment of National Disaster Management Fund to ensure
availability of dedicated resources for disaster management

42. Disaster Management FrameworkDisaster Management Framework
Risk Assessment: Earthquake Risk Assessments have
been completed in Muzaffarabad, Mansehra, Murree,
Quetta & Chitral.
Training, Education & Awareness:
•Guidelines for Earthquake Safer Construction;
•Seismic Hazard Assessment;
•Disaster Reporting and Disaster Risk Management
Manual;
•Earthquake, Drought, Flood, Cyclone Mitigation Manual;

43. Disaster Management FrameworkDisaster Management Framework
Community and Local Level Risk Reduction
Programming:
•PDMAs and DDMAs through a range of Community Based
Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) activities promote
and ensure local level resiliency through enhancing the
capacity of local administration and communities.
•NDMA has also provided technical human resource to all
the PDMAs and DRM Coordinator to 29 most vulnerable
DDMAs.

44. Disaster Management FrameworkDisaster Management Framework
 Multi-hazard Early Warning System:
•Disease Early Warning System (DEWS) established in 93
districts;
•Tsunami Early Warning System established and 3 tide
gauges installed;
•Training for seismic data collection
•Drought Early Warning System and mitigation projects
implemented in Tharparkar (Sindh);

45. Disaster Management FrameworkDisaster Management Framework
Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction into
Development:
•Development programs and projects of selected ministries
incorporate elements of disaster risk assessment and risk
reduction in all stages of project life cycle
•Ministry of Planning, Development & Reform (Planning
Commission), Ministry of Housing and Works, Ministry of Water
and Power, Ministry of Industries, Ministry of Production, Ministry
of Defence, Ministry of Communication, Ministry of Information
and Broadcasting, Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources,
Ministry of Railways, Capital Administration and Development
Division

46. Disaster Management FrameworkDisaster Management Framework
Emergency Response System:
Enhancement of Emergency Response by training
emergency responders in the following disciplines:
–Community Action for Disaster Response
–Hospital Preparedness for Emergencies course
–Medical First Aid Responder
–Collapsed Structure Search and Rescue Courses

47. Disaster Management FrameworkDisaster Management Framework
In order to deal with various kinds of Disasters in Pakistan, role of
different kinds of institutions are well defined. The capacity-building
needs of the existing institutions are significant, and include institutional
strengthening, training, and provision of adequate human, material and
financial resources. The important institutions of Pakistan which deal
with disaster are:
•National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)
•National Centre of Excellence in Geology
•Pakistan Institute for Environment Development Action Research
•IQRA University Islamabad
•NED University of Engineering & Technology
•UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY TAXILA,
PAKISTAN

48. NCSC Focus Area
NCS Focus area NCSC projects
Disaster
Preparedness and
Response
•Earthquake relief campaign in 2003, 2015
•Flood campaigns 2010, 2011 , 2013 and 2014
•IDP’s relief campaign 2014
•Thar water wells project 2015
Events Donations Collected
Flood relief campaigns 2000000
Earthquake relief campaigns 1450000
IDPs relief campaign 8450000
Thar relief campaign 1000000

49. http://www.redcross.org/prepare/disaster/terrorism
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Resource for Disaster Preparedness

50. http://www.
getprepared.
gc.ca
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Resources for Disaster Preparedness

51. Questions / Comments
Thank You
51
This presentation has been made with the help and support of Mil This presentation has been made with the help and support of Mil
College of Engg Risalpur (Dr Jawed)College of Engg Risalpur (Dr Jawed)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTACKNOWLEDGEMENT