community social work

community social work

1. COMMUNITY Concept of community Nature of community Elements of community Types of community

2. Concept of community Community as a network or informal relationships between people connected with each other by kinship, common interest, geographical proximity, friendship, occupation or the giving and receiving of services or various combination of theses.

3. The term community describes the nature of a particular series of connections between individuals which binds them together into a group. The coherency of the group will depend on the number and strength of these connections between individuals.

4. Talcott Parsons defined community as collectivity the members of which share a common territorial area as their base of operation for daily activities. According to Tonnies community is defined as an organic natural kind of social group whose members are bound together by the sense of belonging, created out of everyday contacts covering the whole range of human activities. He has presented ideal-typical pictures of the forms of social associations contrasting the solidarity nature of the social relations in the community with the large scale and impersonal relations thought to characterize industrializing societies. Kingsley Davis defined it as the smallest territorial group that can embrace all aspects of social life. Karl Mannheim community is any circle of people who live together and belong together in such a way that they do not share this or that particular interest only but a whole set of interests.

5. Some of the connections which bind people together into a community are in two themes; For sociologists A. a common geographical area B. a common interest C. ethnic origin D.disability

6. E. Common purpose F. consistency of interaction G. common/shared values, beliefs and outlook H. common perception of experience

7. COMMUNITYY AS A GEOGRAPHICAL CONCEPT According to ROBERT E PARK AND ERNEST W. BURGESS; ‘Community is the term which is applied to societies and social groups where they are considered from the point of view of the geographical distribution of the individuals and institutions of which they are composed.’

8. COMMUNITY AS A NATURAL LOCAL AREA Mabel A Elliott and Francies E Merrill ‘The community has two related aspects, the geographical and the psychological. Geographically it may be considered as a contiguous distribution of people with their social institutions….psychologically we may think of the community in terms of the elements that combine to make it a dynamic and living entity.’

9. ARTHUR E MORGAN ‘A community is an association of individuals and families that plan and act in concert as organized unit in meeting their common needs.’

10. The community as a geographical concept ‘geographical distribution of the individual and institution The community as a natural local area characterized by equal stress on both aspects Act together in order to provide for mutual protection and welfare living in a contiguous territory Participation in collective life which gives unity to the population of a locality The community as a socially homogenous area characterized by group interaction It stresses on consensus ,identification, a common way of life, shared interests and values

11. Elements of Community 1.Group of people 2. Definite locality 3.Community sentiment 4. Likeness 5.Permanency 6.Neutrality 7.Size 8.Wider ends 9. A Particular name

12. Community Sentiment Three elements of community sentiment 1. We feeling 2.Role feeling 3. Dependency feelings

13. Types of community 1. Geographic community 2. Community of interest

14. Functions of community 1.production- distribution-consumption 2.socialization 3.social control 4.social participation 5.mutual support

15. Difference between community and society Population is one of the most essential characteristics of a community irrespective of the consideration whether people have or do not have conscious relation. Population is important but here the population is conditioned by a feeling of oneness. Thus conscious relations are more important than the mere population for a society. A community by nature is discrete as compared with society. By nature and character society is abstract. For community area or locality is very essential and that perhaps is the reason that the community had a definite shape. Society is area less and shapeless and for a society area is no consideration.

16. A community has comparatively narrow scope of community sentiments and as such it cannot have wide heterogeneity. A society has heterogeneity and because of its wide scope and field can embrace people having different conflicts. The scope of community is narrow than that of society because community came much later than the society. Though the primitive people might not have understood the importance of community but they realized that of the society and lived in it. The society has much wider scope as compared with the community. In a community every effort is made to avoid differences or conflicts and to bring likeness as nearly as possible because cooperation and conflicts cannot exist in a community. In a society likeness and conflict can exist side by side and in fact the scope of society is so vast that there is every possibility of adjustment. A community cannot be self sufficient because of its limited scope and nature . It is possible for a society to become self suficient

17. COMMUNITY SOCIAL WORK Community social work is a basic method of social work which starts from problems affecting individual or groups, the responsibilities and resources of social work departments and informal organizations, it seeks to support ,enable and formal and informal relationships.[BARCLAY]

18. Community social work is about encouraging people to discover their resources and possibilities in order to work for positive change in their community. People have the right to participate in decision making process that affecting them.

19. Social work with communities is a generalist practice method that enables individuals and groups to achieve a more desirable level of life satisfaction as well as more effective levels of adaptation.

20. Community practice approach 1.social action 2.social planning 3.community development

21. The means and ends of community social work are not merely to provide people with services and or resources, to make possible the process of discovering and learning together by which communal life is created.

22. Nature of community social work It fights against poverty and social exclusion It aims to include service users as full and active citizen It challenges discrimination by race, disability, age, religion, gender and sexual orientation. It is about people working together. It promotes participation in decision making and gives people more power. It works for prevent problems. It encourage people to learn skills and knowledge and confidence through taking actions. It supports joint work. Action can range from individual self help to lobbying and campaigning.

23. Elements of community social work Community Needs of community Institutions Representatives Process

24. 1.a. community as people b . community as social system

25. 2.felt needs community needs assessments Needs/problems can be identified by understanding the community as a whole. Particularly concerned with the needs of those who have been disadvantaged or oppressed through poverty, discrimination on the basis of race,class,gender , age or disability.

26. 3.Formal and informal institutions have been working for fulfillment of needs of community and providing services.

27. 4. community worker as community development worker and community organizer work as representative. They work as guide, as enabler, as teacher, as mediator etc.

28. 5. social work process or community work process. By itself it cannot possibly substitute for wider processes of economic, social, and political changes. But it has the potential to contribute to such wider process of changes and in relation to the development of more preventive and more participatory approaches to social work. The process can promote more appropriate, more co ordinated and more democratically accountable approaches to economic and social planning, to meet social needs.

29. Philosophy of community social work Community social work based on felt needs Community social work based on assumptions that people wants to be free from poverty and pain It is assumed that people wish to have freedom in controlling their own lives Peoples value has given due consideration Self help is the base of community social work People are the greatest resources Community social work involves changes.

30. Task of community workers Making contact with individuals, groups and organization. Developing a community profile, assessing community resources and needs. Developing a strategic analysis and planning aims, objectives and targets. Working productively with conflict, within and between groups and organizations. Working with individuals, including counselling

31. Managing resources, including staff, time and budgets Supporting group and organizations in obtaining resources Monitoring and evaluating progress and the most effective uses of resources Collaborating and negotiating with other agencies and professions