COMPACTION AND COMPRESSION of granules ppt

compaction and compression of granules in the preparation of tablets

1. A SEMINAR ONA SEMINAR ON
COMPRESSION AND COMPACTIONCOMPRESSION AND COMPACTION
PTD :By PTD :By Submitted To : Submitted To :
Siddanagowda.H.M Siddanagowda.H.M Smt.F.S. Dasankoppa Smt.F.S. Dasankoppa

11
stst
M.Pharm M.Pharm Dept. of PharmaceuticsDept. of Pharmaceutics
dept of pharmaceuticsdept of pharmaceutics K.L.E College of pharmacyK.L.E College of pharmacy
K.L.E College of pharmacy K.L.E College of pharmacy HUBLI HUBLI
HUBLIHUBLI

2. CONTENTSCONTENTS
 COMPRESSION PROPERTIES COMPRESSION PROPERTIES
AXIL FORCE AND RADIAL FORCE AXIL FORCE AND RADIAL FORCE
PROCESS OF COMPRESSIONPROCESS OF COMPRESSION
MEASURMENT OF FORCEMEASURMENT OF FORCE
DISTRIBUTION OF FORCE DISTRIBUTION OF FORCE

3. COMPRESSION PROPERTIESCOMPRESSION PROPERTIES
COMPRESIBILITY:-COMPRESIBILITY:- It is the ability of powder to It is the ability of powder to
decrease in volume under pressure.decrease in volume under pressure.
COMPACTIBILITY:-COMPACTIBILITY:- It is the ability of a powder to be It is the ability of a powder to be
compressed into a tablet of a certain strength or compressed into a tablet of a certain strength or
hardness.hardness.
1.1.Plastic materialPlastic material
ex:kaolin, pvp.ex:kaolin, pvp.
1.1.Elastic materialElastic material
ex:aspirine, microcrystalline celluloseex:aspirine, microcrystalline cellulose

5. AXIAL FORCE :AXIAL FORCE :

it is the force required to attempt of material to constrict it is the force required to attempt of material to constrict
vertically.vertically.

6. RADIAL FORCE :RADIAL FORCE :

it is the force required to the attempt the material to it is the force required to the attempt the material to
expand horizontally expand horizontally

7. PROCESS OF COMPESSIONPROCESS OF COMPESSION
1.1.Transitional repackingTransitional repacking
2.2.Deformation at the point of contactDeformation at the point of contact
3.3.FragmentationFragmentation
4.4.BondingBonding
5.5.Deformation of solid bodyDeformation of solid body
6.6.DecompressionDecompression
7.7.EjectionEjection

9. DISTRIBUTION OF FORCE :DISTRIBUTION OF FORCE :
Fm = Fa + FdFm = Fa + Fd
22
Fa = Fl +FdFa = Fl +Fd
Fa =force applied to upper punch.Fa =force applied to upper punch.
Fl =force transmitted to lower punch.Fl =force transmitted to lower punch.
Fd =is the reaction at the die wall due Fd =is the reaction at the die wall due
to friction at the surface. to friction at the surface.
FFmm = mean force = mean force

10. Relation between applied and transmitted Relation between applied and transmitted
forceforce

The relation between applied & transmitted The relation between applied & transmitted
forces Fa, Fl practically linear forces Fa, Fl practically linear

In case of single punch the force exerted by In case of single punch the force exerted by
upper punch upper punch ↓ exponentially as depth ↓ exponentially as depth ↑↑

The relation between Fa, Fl written as The relation between Fa, Fl written as

FFll = F = Fll٠٠ FFll e e
KHKH

/ D/ D

Rearranging the above equation Rearranging the above equation
Fa = Fl Fa = Fl ٠٠ ee
KHKH / D/ D

11. COMPACTION PROFILECOMPACTION PROFILE

Radial pressure is due to the Radial pressure is due to the
attempt of material to expandattempt of material to expand
horizontally.horizontally.

Axial pressure is due to the Axial pressure is due to the
attempt of material to constrictattempt of material to constrict
vertically.vertically.
OA =Shows Early repacking OA =Shows Early repacking
AB = elastic deformation AB = elastic deformation
BC = plastic deformation BC = plastic deformation
CD = elastic recovery CD = elastic recovery
DE = plastic recovery DE = plastic recovery

12. MEASURMENT OF FORCESMEASURMENT OF FORCES
1) STRAIN GAUGE :1) STRAIN GAUGE :

A coil of high resistant with length width ratio 2:1 & A coil of high resistant with length width ratio 2:1 &
resistant 100 ohm is suitable resistant 100 ohm is suitable

During compression the applied force causes a small elastic During compression the applied force causes a small elastic
deformation of two punchesdeformation of two punches

Strain gauge are connected to punch as close to the Strain gauge are connected to punch as close to the
compression site. it is deformed as the punch deformed compression site. it is deformed as the punch deformed

With the deformation, the length of resistance wire With the deformation, the length of resistance wire ↓ & its ↓ & its
diameter is ↑.diameter is ↑.

The resulting decrease in resistance is measured by wheat The resulting decrease in resistance is measured by wheat
stone bridge as a recording devise. stone bridge as a recording devise.

Care must be taken to use low voltage so that heating effect Care must be taken to use low voltage so that heating effect
do not interfere with the strain measurement.do not interfere with the strain measurement.

13. DIAGRAMETIC REPRASENTATION OFDIAGRAMETIC REPRASENTATION OF
STRAINSTRAIN GAUGESGAUGES

14. 2)PIEZO-ELECTRIC LOAD CELLS:2)PIEZO-ELECTRIC LOAD CELLS:

Certain crystals like quartz may be used. When subjected to Certain crystals like quartz may be used. When subjected to
external force these develop an electrical charge proportional to external force these develop an electrical charge proportional to
the force.the force.

This transducer is connected to amplifier which converts the This transducer is connected to amplifier which converts the
charge in to dc voltage.charge in to dc voltage.


The small piezo-electrical transducer are connected to upper & The small piezo-electrical transducer are connected to upper &
lower punch holder of single station press.lower punch holder of single station press.

The disadvantage is the dissipation of charge with time, hence The disadvantage is the dissipation of charge with time, hence
nit suitable for static measurement. nit suitable for static measurement.

15. DIAGRAMATIC REPRASENTATION OF DIAGRAMATIC REPRASENTATION OF
PIEZO-ELECTRIC CELLSPIEZO-ELECTRIC CELLS

16. REFRENCESREFRENCES
1.1.The theory & practice of industrial The theory & practice of industrial
pharmacy By: Lachmanpharmacy By: Lachman
2.2.The science of dosage form design The science of dosage form design
edited by: Michael E. Aultonedited by: Michael E. Aulton
3.3.Text book of physical pharmacy by Alfred Text book of physical pharmacy by Alfred
Martin, James Swarbric.Martin, James Swarbric.
4.4.By internet source. By internet source.