COMPARATIVE MODELS OF POLICING Discussion for BS Crimonology.pptx

Comparative Models of Policing for BS Criminology

1. COMPARATIVE MODELS OF POLICING

2. Policing Influencing Factors It is worth necessary to study the rationale of the different government system as a foundation to understand how a country is managed and regulated.

3. The government system Three umbrella ideologies that shaped the different forms of government system: Democratic system Socialist system Communist system General Governmental set –up Unitary Federal

4. Democratic Form of Government Parliamentary Presidential Characteristics of a Parliamentary Form of Government Is a type of democracy Separation of powers Constitution Rule of Law Free elections and multiple political parties

5. What is the Parliamentary System? Leaders Parliament – 2 different people ( Head of state and leader of the government Presidential – both roles are filled by the President (direct democracy)

6. b. Executives – Parliament – Prime Minister, group of advisers (ministers/cabinet) c. Parliament – is the legislative branch of a parliamentary form of govt. Bicameral – 2 houses or chambers Unicameral –for smaller countries, only 1 house

7. c. Considerations – parliament holds the most power d. Parliamentary system – is a system of democratic governance of a state in which executive branch derives its democratic legitimacy.

8. Characteristics of Parliamentary procedures The westminster system Western European parliamentary model Implementations of the parliamentary system By appointment by the head of state

9. Appointment by the head of state The head of state nominates The head of state appoints a prime minister The head of state appoints the leader of the largest or second largest party in the Parliament as Prime Minister (Greece) Direct election by parliament Direct election by popular vote.

10. Variations as to what conditions exist for the government to have the right to dissolve the parliament: - In Israel, parliament may vote in order to call an election or pass a vote of no confidence against the government. Other countries only permit an election to be called in the event of a vote of no confidence against the government. In Sweden, the government may call a snap election at will but the newly elected Riksdag is only elected fill out the previous Riksdag term. Norway is unique among parliamentary systems in that the Storting always serves the whole of its 4 year term.

11. The Socialist Government Socialism – is an economic and political system. Government set-up of Socialist Republic Executive Branch -President Prime Minister National Assembly

12. Legislative Branch National Assembly Judicial Branch The Peoples Court System of Vietnam consist of: The Supreme People’s Court The Local People’s Courts Military Courts The People’s Organs Control

13. Parties and governments which are called Socialist are also often termed “Left” parties of governments or “left wing” Governments of the conservatives , republicans or nationalists are called “ right – wing”

14. Capitalism – means that a great deal of our society’s resources, needed to produce the things we need, are privately owned. Based on the private ownership of the productive forces.

15. The Communist Government Communism – the practice of the doctrine that all goods, means of production should be property of the community and each member should work for common benefits. Commune – small community of people, usually with common interests, who own and share property in common.

16. ISLAMIC DEMOCRACY Secular democracies – Azerbaijan and Turkey Religious democracies – Malaysia and Maldives Theocracies - Iran

17. SUNNI VIEWPOINT Caliphate Caliph – Head of State, Successor of Muhammad Abu Bakr , Umar bin Alkhattab Uthman , Ali Legislative power of the CALIPH was always restricted -ULAMA – scholarly class, a group regarded as guardians of the law Caliph – is prevented from dictating legal results laws were decided based on - IJMA (Consensus) of the UMMA ( Community) – this community is represented by the scholars LEGAL SCHOLAR – Graduated doctorate known as the ijazat attadris wa’l-ifttd (license to teach and issue legal opinions) from MADRASA

18. SHIA VIEWPOINT His son –in-law and cousin Ali – Caliph IMAM - a Muslim leader of the line of Ali held by Shiites to be the divinely appointed, sinless, infallible successors of Muhammad

19. The JUSTICE SYSTEM Types of Justice System Democratic Judicial system (Example. Justice System of Singapore) - The law is created by judgment handed down by courts. The judges are only required to apply the ratio decidendi .

20. *THE INQUISITORIAL SYSTEM There is no real trial system but the judge has the most control power during the trial The policy in Singapore is that the accused is guilty until proven innocent. System is less resilience on strict rules of evidence and procedures and has harsher punishment.

21. THE ADVERSAL SYSTEM (SUMMARY –TRIAL) Opening Statement Examination –in chief Cross examination Objections are heard Closing Statement Judges Verdict

22. FILING A MAGISTRATE COMPLAIN *Magistrate *Magistrate Complaint

23. PROSECUTION – (Singapore) - Represented by the ATTORNEY GENERAL DEPARTMENT – headed by Attorney General(Appointed by the President) , assisted by Solicitor General and Staff of deputy public prosecutors,(Legal service commission)

24. SINGAPORE COURT SYSTEM COURT SYSTEM SUPREME COURT SUBORDINATE COURT Chief Justice Judge of the Supreme Court High Court – unlimited original jurisdiction Court of Appeal and Court of Criminal Appeal – hears appeal by persons convicted by the high court

25. *SOCIALIST JUSTICE SYSTEM - Countries that use the Socialist Legal System Peoples Republic of China - Republic of Cuba -Socialist Republic of Vietnam

26. CHINESE COURT SYSTEM SUPREME PEOPLE’S COURT Local Peoples Court Higher Peoples Court Intermediate Peoples Courts Basic Peoples Court Special Peoples Court Military Courts Maritime Courts Railway Transportation Courts Forestry Courts