competent parties.pptx

competent parties

1. Prof. Madhura Tilak Prof. Madhura Tilak

2. ⦿ The parti e s wh o e n te r int o a c ont r ac t must have the capacity to do so. ⦿ “Ca p acit y “ h e r e mean s c o mpetenc e of the parties to enter into a valid contract. ⦿ A c cording Sec.1 , a n agr e em e n t be c o me s a contract if it is entered into between the parties who are competent to contract. Prof. Madhura Tilak

3. ⦿ A c cording Se c .11 , e v e r y pers o n is competent to contract who (a)is of the age of majority according to the law to which he is subject,(b)is of sound mind, and (c)is not qualified from contracting by any law to which he is subject.Thus, Sec 11 declares following persons to be incompetent to contract: ⦿ 1. M i nors ⦿ 2. P ersons of unso u n d mind ⦿ 3. P ersons disqualifi e d by a n y law t o which they are subject. Prof. Madhura Tilak

4. ⦿ A c cording t o Se c 3 of th e In d ia n Ma jority Act, 1875, a minor is a person who has not completed eighteen years of age. ⦿ I n following cases he a tta i n s majo r it y after 21 years of age: ⦿ 1 . wher e a gu a rdian of mino r pers o n or property has been appointed under guardians and wards act,1890 or, ⦿ 2.where the superintendence of minor’s property is assumed by a court of wards. Prof. Madhura Tilak

5. ⦿ The positi o n of mi n or a s reg a rds his agreements may be summed up as under: ⦿ 1 . An agre e men t wit h or b y a mi n or i s v o id and inoperative ab initio.(mihiribibi v Dharmodas Ghose(1903) ⦿ 2 . H e ca n b e a pr o mise e or beneficiar y . ⦿ 3 . Hi s agre e men t can not b e ratified b y h im o n attaing the age of majority. ⦿ 4 . I f h e ha s r e c e ive d an y benefi t u n de r a v o id agreement, he cannot be asked to compensate or pay for it. Prof. Madhura Tilak

6. ⦿ One of t h e ess e ntia l c o ndition s of competency of parties to a contract is that they should be of sound mind. ⦿ Sec 1 2 lays do w n th e soun d nes s of min d : ⦿ “A person is said to be of sound mind for the purpose of making the contract if,at the time when he makes it, he is capable of understanding it and of forming a rational judgement as to its effect upon his interests. Prof. Madhura Tilak

7. ⦿ A person ,who is usually of unsound mind but occasionally of sound mind, may make a contract when he is of sound mind. ⦿ A pe r son ,wh o i s u su a lly of sound min d b ut occasionally of unsound mind, may not make a contract when he is of unsound mind. ⦿ Eg:A pers o n i s a lu n ati c ,wh o i s a t i n ter v al s of sound mind, may contract during those intervals. Prof. Madhura Tilak

8. ⦿ Soundness of minds depends on two facts: ⦿ i)his capacity to understand the contents of the business concerned, ⦿ ii) his ability to form a rational judgement as to its effect on his interests. ⦿ I f a pe r son i s i n capabl e of both , he suff e rs from unsoundness of mind. Prof. Madhura Tilak

9. ⦿ Lunat i c s : A lu n a t i c is a pe r son who is mentally deranged due to some mental strain or personal experience. He suffers from intermittent intervals of sanity and insanity. He can enter contracts during the period when he is of sound mind. ⦿ Idiot s: An Idio t is a pe r son wh o has completely lost his mental powers. He does not exhibit understanding of even ordinary matters. Idiocy is permanent lunacy denotes periodical insanity with lucid intervals. An agreeement of an idiot , like that of minor is void. Prof. Madhura Tilak

10. ⦿ Drunken or intoxicated persons: A drunken or intoxicated person suffers from temporary incapacity to contract ie. at the time when he is so drunk or intoxicated that he is incapable of forming a rational judgment. The position of a drunken or intoxicated person is similar to that of a lunatic. Prof. Madhura Tilak

11. ⦿ 1.Alien E n emie s : An Alien (t he sub j e c t of foreign state)is a person who is not subject of the Republic of India. He may be Alien friend of Alien enemy. ⦿ 2.Foreign sovereigns, their diplomatic staff and accredited representatives of foreign states: They have some special privileges and generally cannot be sued unless of their own submit to the jurisdiction of our law courts.But an indian citizen has to obtain a prior sanction of central govt. in order to sue them in our law courts. Prof. Madhura Tilak

12. Corporations: A Corporation is an artificial person created by law, having a legal existence apart from its members. It may come in to existence by a special Act of legislature or by registration under the c o m p anie s ’ Act, 1956. Insolvents: When a debtor is adjudged insolvent, his property vests in the official receiver or official assignee. As such insolvent is deprived of his power to deal in that property. ⦿ 5.Convicts: A convict when undergoing imprisonment is incapable of entering into contract. Prof. Madhura Tilak