Complementary therapies in critical care.ppt

Complementary therapies.ppt

1. Complementary therapies
By
Ms. Victoria Samar
Senior Lecturer
PNS, LUMHS, Jamshoro

2. Objectives
•At the end of the session the learners will be able to :
•Define Complementary, alternative and Non-traditional Therapies
•Describe the difference between the Complementary and alternative
therapies

3. Definition of Complementary therapies
•Complementary therapies: The term
"complementary therapies"
encompasses(involves) interventions
which may complement the care
more traditionally provided by nurses
and may include but is not limited to
therapeutic touch, massage,
relaxation, meditation, visualisation,
aromatherapy, reflexology,
iridology(examination of the iris of
the eye), yoga, and kinesiology.

4. Complementary therapies
In cancer care, integrated medicine
usually includes the following:
Conventional (conservative) medical
treatments. Different types of
complementary therapies such as
massage, reflexology (the study of
reflex action as it relates to the
behavior of organisms), relaxation,
herbal medicine and acupuncture.

5. Complementary & Alternative Therapies:
•Alternative Therapies are used instead of
conventional or mainstream medical modalities.
•Complementary Therapies are used in conjunction
withconventional or mainstream medical modalities.

6. What complementary therapies are?
Complementary therapies are used alongside
conventional medical treatments prescribed by doctor.
They can help people with cancer to feel better and may
improve your quality of life. Complementary therapies
are available from many different types of people and
organisations.
There are many different types of complementary
therapy, including:
Aromatherapy
Acupuncture
Herbal medicine
Massage therapy
Visualisation
Yoga

7. What complementary therapies are?(cont)
Many health professionals are supportive of people with cancer using
complementary therapies.
They can see that the therapies help people to cope better with the cancer
and its treatment.
But some health professionals have been reluctant for their patients to use
such therapies. This is because many therapies have not been scientifically
tested in the same way as conventional treatments.
Some research trials have been carried out to see how well
complementary therapies work for people with cancer. Some trials are still
in progress.
But doctors need more studies to help them develop their knowledge
about the best way to use complementary therapies.

8. The difference between complementary and
alternative therapies (CAMs)
There is an important difference between a complementary therapy
and an alternative therapy.
The phrases complementary therapy and alternative therapy are
often used as if they mean the same thing. They may also be
combined into one phrase –complementary and alternative therapies
(CAMs).
It's not always easy to decide whether something is a complementary
or an alternative therapy. But there is an important difference.

9. The difference between complementary and
alternative therapies (CAMs)(Cont)
A complementary therapy means you can use it alongside your
conventional medical treatment. It may help you to feel better and cope
better with your cancer and treatment.
An alternative therapy is generally used instead of conventional medical
treatment.
All conventional cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and
radiotherapy, have to go through rigorous testing by law in order to prove
that they work. Most alternative therapies have not been through such
testing and there is no scientific evidence that they work. Some types of
alternative therapy may not be completely safe and could cause harmful
side effects.

10. Modern Trends
Mind/Body Medicine and Research.
Holism and Nursing Practice.
Modern medicine is looking to nontraditional
medicine for insight into two main areas:

11. Mind/Body Medicine and Research
•The traditional medical model is founded on the belief that
the mind, body, and spirit are separate entities. A relatively
new field of science, however, is called:
Psychoneuroimmunology.

12. Psychoneuroimmunology
•The study of the complex relationship among
the cognitive, affective, and physical aspects
of humans.

13. Bodymind
.
•The inseparable connection and operation of thoughts,
feelings, and physiological functions.

14. Holism and Nursing Practice
As a healing facilitator, the nurse enters into a
relationship with the client and can be a:
•Guide.
•change agent.
•instrument of healing.

15. Nurse as Instrument of Healing
•Knowledge base.
•Intentionality (having conscious direction of goals).
•Respect for differences.
•Ability to model wellness.
To serve in this capacity, a nurse should
develop the following attributes:

16. Using Alternative & Complementary
Therapies
Have a nonjudgmental attitude.
Ask clients if they use nontraditional therapies.
Get instruction in these therapies before trying to administer
them.
Try one or two basic therapies (e.g. massage or guided
imagery).
Discuss a therapy with the client before using it.

17. Common Elements of Alternative & Complementary
Interventions
The wholesystem is considered.
The person is integrated and related to the surroundings.
There exists some life force or energy to be used in the
healing process.
Ritual(formal), prescribed practice and skilled practitioners
are vital to holistic healing interventions.

18. Mind/Body (Self-Regulatory) Techniques
•Methods by which an individual can, independently
or with assistance, consciously control some
functions of the sympathetic nervous system (e.g.
heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure).

19. Leading Mind/Body Techniques
•Meditation
•Relaxation
•Imagery
•Biofeedback
•Hypnosis

20. Meditation
•Quieting the mind by focusing the attention.
•Benefits include: stress relief, relaxation, reduced level of lactic acid,
decreased oxygen consumption, slowed heart rate, decreased blood
pressure, improved functioning of the immune system.

21. Relaxation
•A therapeutic process incorporating the basic elements of meditation.
•Basic elements include: a quiet environment, a comfortable position,
focused attention, a passive attitude, practice.

22. Imagery
•A technique of using the imagine to visualize a soothing, pleasant
image.
•Benefits include: decreased physical tension, anxiety, and the adverse
effects of chemotherapy.

23. Biofeedback
•The measurement of physiological responses that yields information
about the relationship between the body and mind and helps clients
learn ways to manipulate those responses through mental activity.

24. Uses of Biofeedback
•A restorative method in rehabilitation settings for clients who
have lost sensation and function as result of injury or illness.
•To relieve tension headaches, migraines and backache.
•To reduce bruxism (grinding of the teeth) To lower blood
pressure.
•Temperature biofeedback useful in treating Raynaud’s
disease.

25. Therapeutic Hypnosis
Induces an altered state of consciousness or awareness resembling
sleep during which the person is more receptive to suggestion.
Hypnosis also enhances client’s ability to form images (for guided
imagery).

26. Body-Movement Therapies
•Therapies employing techniques of moving or manipulating various
body parts to achieve therapeutic outcomes.

27. Leading Body-Movement Strategies
•Movement and Exercise
•Yoga
•Tai Chi
•Chiropractic Therapy

28. Energetic-Touch Therapies
•Techniques of using the hands to direct or redirect the flow of the
body’s energy fields and thus enhance balance within those fields.

29. Leading Energetic-Touch Therapies
•Therapeutic massage
•Therapeutic touch
•Healing touch
•Shiatsu
•Acupressure
•Reflexology

30. Cultural Considerations of Touch
•Ask permission before touching a client.
•Tell the client what is going to happen.
•The meaning of touch and the body areas acceptable
to touch vary from culture to culture.

31. Leading Spiritual Therapies
•Faith healing.
•Healing Prayer.
•Shamanism.
Spiritual therapies can be helpful
modalities in caring for clients. Important
spiritual therapies include:

32. Leading Nutritional/Medicinal Therapies
•Phytochemicals.
•Antioxidants and Free Radicals.
•Macrobiotic Diet.
•Herbal Therapy.

33. Phytochemicals
•Non-nutritive, physiologically active compounds present in plants in
very small amounts.
•Protect against cancer and prevent heart disease, stroke, and
cataracts.
•Source: fruits and vegetables.

34. Antioxidants and Free Radicals
•Antioxidants: substances that prevent or inhibit oxidation, a chemical
process whereby a substance is joined to oxygen.
•Free radicals: Antioxidants prevent tissue damage related to these,
which are unstable molecules that alter genetic codes and trigger the
development of cancer growth.

35. Other Important Methodologies
•Aromatherapy.
•Humor.
•Pet Therapy.
•Music Therapy.
•Play Therapy.

36. Important Terms Associated with Treatment
Modalities
•Proven -have been scientifically tested in clinical
trials.
•Experimental -are undergoing FDA investigations.
•Untested -have not been investigated by FDA.
•Folklore -passed through generations.
•Quackery -no proven effectiveness, may harm
consumer.