Complementary therapies.ppt FOR MSC NURSING

THIS IS THE TOPIC OF ADVANCE NURSING PRACTICE, MSC. NURSING FIRST YEAR.

1. COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES PRESENT BY: MR. FATEH CHAND MSc(N) 1 ST YEAR

2. INTRODUCTION Complementary therapies generally conceive of the body and mind as a single informational entity, and practitioners tend towards a multifactorial view of illness as caused by disturbances at physical, biochemical, psychosocial and spiritual levels. A greatly increased number of patients are turning to complementary and alternative therapies to help restore or maintain health. Non-traditional or unconventional therapies are frequently referred to as either complementary or alternative therapies. Complementary therapies are used alongside conventional medicines or treatments. Alternative therapies are used instead of conventional medicines or treatments.

3. DEFINITION: Complementary therapies are those therapies used in addition to conventional treatment recommended by the person’s health care provider. As the name implies, complementary therapies complement the conventional treatment. Complementary therapies include exercise, massage, reflexology, prayer, biofeedback, creative therapies (art, music, or dance therapy), guided imaginary, acupuncture, relaxation strategies, chiropractic therapy, therapeutic touch, etc.

4. Complementary therapies are a broad term that covers a range of different therapies. They can be grouped into different categories and some fit into more than one category. Many complementary therapies are also part of whole medical systems.

5. COMPLEMENTARY THERAPY ALTERNATIVE THERAPY Used together with conventional medicine. Used in place of conventional medicine. An example of a complementary therapy is using meditation to help lessen a patient’s discomfort following surgery. An example of an alternative therapy is using a special diet to treat cancer instead of undergoing surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy that has been recommended by a conventional doctor.

6. Philosophies of complementary therapies

7. Why people use complementary therapies

8. COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE THERAPY : Defining complementary and alternative medicine is difficult, because the field is very broad and constantly changing. The National centre for complementary and alternative medicine (NCCAM) defines CAM as a group of diverse medical and health care system, practice, and products that are not generally considered as part of conventional medicine.

9. CLASSIFICATIONS ACCORDING TO NCCAM, COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE THERAPY(CAM) WHOLE MEDICAL SYSYTEMS Mind-body interventions or Mind-body technique Biologically based therapies or body -based practices Manipulative and body- based methods Energy therapies Complete systems of theory and practice that have evolved independently of, and often before, the conventional biomedical approach Employ a variety of techniques designed to facilitate the mind’s capacity to affect body function and symptoms. Natural and biologically based practices, interventions, and products, many of which overlap with conventional medicine’s use of dietary supplements. Methods based on manipulation and/or movement of the body Focus on either energy fields believed to originate within the body (biofields) or those emanating from other sources (electromagnetic fields). Homeopathic, naturopathic traditional Chinese and ayurvedic treatment, acupuncture. Meditation, relaxation, imagery, hypnotherapy, art therapy, laughter therapy, yoga, music therapy, spiritual practices, biofeedback. Dietary supplements, herbs foods, vitamins, natural substances. Chiropractic osteopathy, massage Biofield therapy, bioelectromagnetic therapy, reiki, healing touch.

10. ACUPUNCTURE Acupuncture involves the insertion of needles into specific acupoints along body meridians in order to correct energy or Qi imbalances, which is thought to be the cause of many medical conditions Disease occurs with an imbalance of these forces and manifests as excesses or deficiencies of basic life energy in the particular organs. If the energy balance is not restored, then physical changes occur and disease becomes present in the body Acupuncture helps correct and rebalance the energy flow and consequently relieves pain and restores health. The needles draw energy away from organs with excess and redirect it to organs with deficiencies.

11. MIND-BODY INTERVENTIONS:

12. Mind–body techniques are based on the belief that what we think and feel can affect our physical and mental wellbeing. When our emotions or mental state are under pressure, our physical body can be affected. Similarly, physical symptoms can have a negative impact on our mood and mental wellbeing. Mind–body techniques may also be called psychological techniques, emotional therapies or spiritual healing. As HIPPOCRATES once wrote, “The natural healing force within each one of us is the greatest force in getting well”. This is mind-body medicine in a nutshell. Methods by which an individual can, independently or with assistance consciously control some functions of the sympathetic nervous system (e.g., Heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure).

13. TECHNIQUES :

14. MEDITATION: DEFINITION : Meditation is a practice of concentrated focus upon a sound, object, visualization, the breath, movement, or attention itself in order to increase awareness of the present moment, reduce stress, promote relaxation, and enhance personal and spiritual growth . Meditation is generally an internal, personal practice and done without any external involvement, except perhaps prayer beard to count prayers, though many practitioners of meditation may rely on external objects such as candle flames as points on which to focus their attention as an aid to the process . It is quitting of the mind by focusing attention on sound or image or own breathing .

15. HEALTH BENEFITS OF MEDITATION INCLUDE :

16. MEDITATION TECHNIQUES :

17. ART THERAPY : Art therapy (also known as arts therapy) is a creative method of expression used as a therapeutic technique. Art therapy is a form of expressive therapy that uses the creative process of making art to improve a person’s physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Art therapy, sometimes called creative arts therapy or expressive arts therapy, encourages people to express and understand emotions through artistic expression and through the creative process.

18. PURPOSES:

19. BENEFITS OF ART THERAPY

20. DIFFERENT ART MEDIUMS :

21. RELAXATION DEFINTION : A relaxation technique (also known as relaxation training) is any method, process, procedure, or activity that helps a person to relax; to attain a state of increased calmness; or otherwise reduce levels of pain, anxiety, stress or anger. Relaxation therapy is a broad term used to describe a number of techniques that promote stress reduction, the elimination of tension throughout the body, and a calm and peaceful state of mind.

22. Relaxation techniques are often employed as one element of a wider stress management program and can decrease muscle tension, lower the blood pressure and slow heart and breath rates, among other health benefits. It is a therapeutic process incorporating the basic elements of meditation .

23. BASIC ELEMENTS OF RELAXATION TECHNIQUE ARE:

24. AIMS OF RELAXATION THERAPY:

25. PURPOSES: 1. The goal of relaxation therapy is to calm the brain or brain, to permit thinking process to stream in an even, smooth pace, and trigger the relaxation reaction. 2. To improve the circulation. 3. To relive muscle fatigue 4. To improve the physical and mental health. 5. To improve the physiological function. 6. This mental silence facilitates for relax and transformation that may even cannot be achieved during sleep, since throughout the sleep, the mind can stay energetic, even if the pace is slower than that of the mind when it is conscious.

26. BENEFITS OF RELAXATION THERAPY: Increase in self-confidence to manage the problems Suppress tension and anger. Increase in blood flow to primary muscles. Regularize the heartbeat. Lower the blood pressure. Increase concentration and memory. Reduce sleep deprivation. Increase in energy. Reduction of frequency and severity of panic attacks. Increase in ability to focus. Reduction of insomnia and fatigue

27. IMAGERY: A technique of using the imagination to visualize a soothing, pleasant image. OR Imagery refers to the “mental pictures” that readers experience when reading literature. OR Imagery appeals directly to one or more of the five senses. There are five (5) types of imagery :

28. BENEFITS OF THIS TECHNIQUE INCLUDE: - Decreased physical tension Decreased anxiety Decreasing the adverse effects of chemotherapy

29. BIOFEEDBACK Biofeedback is a technique which enables the individual to readily determine the activity levels of a particular physiological process, and with appropriate training, learn to manipulate the same process. In this people are trained to control certain bodily processes that normally occur involuntarily, such as heart rate or blood pressure. These processed can be measured and displayed on a monitor that the person watches. The monitor provides feedback about the internal working of the body.

30. It measures physiological responses such as muscle tension, skin temperature, and heart rate to improve health by using signals from client’s own body. It is effective for a number of conditions, including headaches, urinary incontinence, hypertension, chronic pain, etc. USES OF BIOFEEDBACK : A restorative method in rehabilitation settings for clients who have sensation and function as a result of injury or illness . To relieve tension headaches, migraines and backache . To lower blood pressure .

31. HYPNOSIS: Earliest definition of hypnosis was given by Braid, who coined the term “hypnotism” as an abbreviation for “neuro-hypnotism”, or nervous sleep, which he opposed to normal sleep, and defined as “a peculiar condition of the nervous system, induced by a fixed and abstracted attention of the mental and visual eye, on one object, not of an exciting nature. DEFINITION:

32. Biofeedback is being employed in:- Migraine Hypertension Phobias Low backache Cerebral palsy Upper motor neuron hemiplegia Irritable bowel syndrome Cardiac problems Several other neuro-psychiatric conditions.

33. It induces an altered state of consciousness or awareness resembling sleep during which the person is more receptive to suggestion. Hypnosis also enhances client’s ability to form images (for guided imagery) THERAPEUTIC HYPNOSIS

34. USES OF HYPNOSIS:

35. YOGA Sanskrit root “yuj” meaning “to control, to unite, joining, uniting, conjunction and means”. DEFINITION: Yoga is the physical, mental and spiritual practices which originated in ancient India with a view to attain a state of permanent peace of mind in order to experience one’s true self. GOALS - Improving health to achieving moksha; liberation from all worldly suffering and the cycle of birth and death(samsara), at which point there is a realization of identify with the supreme Brahman. In Mahabharata, yoga is described as entering the world of brahma as brahman.

36. BENEFITS OF YOGA: -

37. MUSIC THERAPY Music therapy is the use of music and its elements with a patient or a group of people in a process destinated to make communication, learning or expression easier and also to promote it. DEFINTION : An interpersonal process in which the therapist uses music to help clients to improve or maintain their health. Used with individuals of all ages and with a variety of conditions. To help patients make changes in their lives so as to adjust better to or overcome obstacles.

38. There are two types of music therapy :

39. MUSIC THERAPY USED WITH :

40. THIS KIND OF THERAPY ALLOWS PEOPLE: To explore their feelings. To make positive changes in mood and in their emotional state. To develop a sense of control over their lives. To learn or implement skills to solve problems. To improve socialization .

41. BENEFITS WITH HEALTH:

42. INDICATIONS :

43. FUNCTIONS: They regain a sense of control over lives. Music therapy strengthens memories. It improves overall mood and emotional well-being. It helps manage pain without the use of drugs. It helps increase their social interactions with others. Music encourages verbal as well as nonverbal communication and promotes social interaction and relatedness. Promote positive changes in the wellbeing of an individual. Stimulates relaxation response which can therefore lead to physiological changes in the body. Processed in both hemispheres of the brain and this stimulation has been shown to help in development of language and speech functions.

44. AROMATHERAPY Use volatile plant materials (essential oils) and similar aromatic compounds for the purpose of improving a person’s mood, cognitive function or health. Aroma therapist Generic term; used by manufacturers (of personal care and hygiene products), massage therapists’ chiropractors, nurses and doctors. OTC products that Make use of essential oils(menthol) include mouthwashes, liniments and rubbing ointments (Vicks VapoRub). Essential oils useful in the treatment of infectious disease. Used as medicines, with other herbal preparations, by doctors in France. Used in pain management, anxiety/depression, and Alzheimer’s disease .

45. Spiritual practices DEFINITION: Spirituality is a very individual concept. For some, it may mean being part of an organized religion such as Christianity, Judaism, Islam or Buddhism. For others, spirituality may reflect their own individual beliefs about the universe and their place in it, or a search for meaning and purpose in their lives.

46. PURPOSE: Often when people are diagnosed with cancer, the spiritual aspect of their lives becomes more important. People may find comfort in prayer, meditation or quiet contemplation. Receiving care from a spiritual care practitioner, who may also be called a pastoral carer or chaplain, can often help people, even if they are not part of an organised religion.

47. Biologically based therapies or body -based practices

48. The term body-based practices refer to complementary therapies that work directly on your body. They may also be described as bodywork. Biologically based therapies use substances found in mature such as herbs, foods and vitamins.

49. DIETARY SUPPLEMENTARY DEFINITION : It is a product that is intended to supplement the diet and that contains one or more of the following: vitamins, minerals, herbs or botanicals, amino acids, or any combination of those elements. It is intended to be taken as a tablet, capsule, powder, sofgel, gel cap or liquid form. It is not represented for use as a conventional food or as a sole item of a meal or the diet .

50. Examples of People Who May Need Vitamin/Mineral Supplements

51. Herbal Supplements Naturally occurring substances taken from parts of plants • Herbal remedies have a long history. • Herbal supplements may act in the same way as drugs. • Herbals may interact with medications, vitamins, and minerals. • Side effects may be unpredictable.

52. HERBS FOOD An herbaceous plant (in botanical use simply herb) is a plant that has leaves and stems that die down at the end of the growing season to the soil level. They have no persistent woody stem above ground. Herbaceous plants may be annuals, biennials or perennials. USES Herbs have a variety of uses including culinary, medicinal and in some cases spiritual usage. • General usage differs between culinary herbs and medicinal herbs. • In medicinal or spiritual use any of the parts of the plant might be considered “herbs”, including leaves, roots, flowers, seeds, resin, root bark, inner bark (the cambium), berries and sometimes the pericarp or other portions of the plant. • Culinary use of the term “herb” typically distinguishes between herbs, from the leafy green parts of the plant (either fresh or dried) and spices, from other parts of the plant (usually dried), including seeds, berries, bark, root and fruit.

53. Common uses and benefits of garlic consumption • Common cold prevention • Antiseptic • Antimicrobial activities • Insect repellent • Strengthen immune system • Antioxidant effects • Anti coagulation effect • High cholesterol • Hypertension

54. Nutritional value of alfalfa • Alfalfa is high in protein, calcium and other minerals, vitamins in the B group, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K. • The sun-dried hay of alfalfa has been found to be a source of vitamin D, containing 48 ng/g (1920 IU/kg) vitamin D2 and 0.63 ng/g (25 IU/kg) vitamin D3. • There is reference to vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 being found in the alfalfa shoot. • Mushrooms are not allowed in Jain vegetarianism, making alfalfa the only known source Jains can use to make vitamin D2 supplements.

55. Manipulation ‐ A passive therapeutic movement , of small amplitude and high velocity at the end of the available range of motion. Mobilization ‐ A passive therapeutic movement within a range of motion at variable amplitudes and speed. Active Physiologic movements ‐ Voluntary motion by the patient such as standard flexion, abduction and rotation Terms specific to spine • PPIVM – Passive Physiological Inter-Vertebral Movements • PAIVM – Passive Accessory Inter-Vertebral Movement

56. CHIROPRACTIC AND OSTEOPATHY THERAPY CHIROPRACTIC: Chiropractic is a system of therapy which holds that disease, results from a lack of normal nerve function and which employs manipulation and specific adjustment of body structures. unique focus on spinal manipulation. OSTEOPATHY: Osteopathy system of medical practice based on a theory that diseases are due chiefly to loss of structural integrity which can be restored by manipulation of the parts supplemented by therapeutic measures Structure influence function.

57. OSTEOPATHIC CHIROPRACTIC Not only spinal but with tissue, fascia and fluids as well. -Physical examination. Only spinal manipulation and treatment of surrounding structure. -More diagnostic procedures x- ray, MRI, Blood and urine tests.

58. PURPOSES: Arthritis: osteoarthritis Back sprain and strain Degenerative spinal disorder Headache (some types) Joint pain dysfunction & piriformis syndrome Low and upper back pain Neck pain Myofascial pain Sports injuries

59. MASSAGE THERAPY Introduction: Massage is the systemic rubbing and manipulation of different part of the body for the therapeutic benefits. The word Massage is a derivation from the Greek massein, or the French masser, which both mean: to knead. Definition : Massage is a scientific treatment, by certain passive systematic manipulations, upon the nude skin of the human body.

60. Dr. Mezger divided the massage treatment into four principal manipulation.

61. MECHANICAL EFFECTS PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS Removes dead cells. Allows sweat glands, hair follicles & sebaceous glands to be free of obstruction & function better. Increases lubricant effect. Increases warmth. Used in the treatment of scar tissues & adhesions. Promote & retain mobility of new skin tissues. Over lungs – frees adherent mucus from bronchial tree. Encourage hyperaemia & parasympathetic activity, relaxes muscle tone, reduces edema . CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Change in skin color – due to increased circulatory flow, blood velocity & blood viscosity. Effect on BP, HR, skin temperature & conductivity & oxygen consumption. Increased release of histamine from mast cells & basophils. NERVOUS SYSTEM Spinal motor neuron excitability of spinal reflex pathways is reduced due to decreased H-reflex. Inhibitory influence on ά motor neuron excitability but no carryover effect. Releases endorphin – reduces chronic pain MS SYSTEM Affects muscle fatigue Affects degree of muscle tone Positive effects on psychological well being Increase feeling of relaxation & rest Decreases anxiety level & stress hormone level Increased levels of immunoglobin A – improves immune system Helps in reducing depression & adjustment disorders Improves pain outcomes, mental energy & self-rated health Improves sleep outcomes

62. ENERGY THERAPY

63. Energy therapy is based on the belief that the body has an invisible energy field, and that when this energy flow is blocked or unbalanced, you can become sick. Unblocking this energy can help promote healing and wellbeing. This vital energy or life force is known by different names in different whole medical systems – for example, qi in TCM and prana in Ayurvedic medicine. Examples of energy therapies include polarity therapy, reiki, healing touch and therapeutic touch. BENEFITS: Energy therapies are very gentle and do not require the therapist to make any heavy physical adjustments. They are used to help people feel relaxed and less anxious, and to improve overall wellbeing. There is no scientific evidence of an energy field or that energy therapies have any benefits.

64. BIOFIELD THERAPIES They are intended to affect energy fields that purportedly surround and penetrate the human body. The existence of such fields has not yet been scientifically proven. Some forms of energy therapy manipulate biofields by applying pressure and/or manipulating the body by placing the hands in, or through, these fields. Some include Qigong, Reiki, and Therapeutic touch.

65. REIKI : It is a spiritual practice developed in 1922 by Japanese Buddhist Mikao Usui. It uses a technique commonly called palm healing as a form of complementary and alternative medicine by some professional bodies. It is Universal Life Force Energy. The word Reiki is made of two Japanese words - Rei which means “Universal" and Ki which is "life force energy". So, Reiki is actually "spiritually guided life force energy." Reiki is a form of spiritual practice, used as a complementary therapy, proposed for the treatment of physical, emotional, mental and spiritual ailments.

66. STEPS:

67. HEALING TOUCH/ THERAPEUTIC TOUCH A gentle, energy-based technique that touches individuals at all levels of their experience: physical, emotional, intellectual and spiritual. The practitioner uses the hands as a focus for facilitating the healing process . The primary objective of Healing Touch is to create a computerized system designed to provide therapeutic and rehabilitative exercises through gaming on multi-user, multi-touch devices.

68. Effects of Therapeutic Touch Promoting a relaxation response Reducing stress & anxiety Managing pain Improving sleep Facilitating the body’s natural healing process Fostering a sense of well-being

69. NURSE’S ROLE IN CAM : HELPER FACILITATOR PRACTITIONER EDUCATOR COORDINATOR ADVOCATE LEADER

70. CONCLUSION Therefore, it means that the complementary therapies are very useful in curing various diseases without much pain, high cost. We thus observe that the people are shifting their allegiance to the Indian alternative therapies, because these therapies are natural and have no side-effects. The western medicine has failed to deal with the chronic diseases as well as new, antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Ancient therapies, by contrast, have an excellent record of curing the chronic diseases that do not respond well to western medicine.

71. RESEARCH

72. Factors influencing the usage of complementary and alternative medicine by patients with cancer Introduction The interest in CAM among cancer patients is constantly growing and about 50% already used CAM alongside cancer therapy. Little is known on the factors influencing patients' choice of type of CAM used. METHOD: A questionnaire consisting of two validated instruments (the ASKU (Allgemeine Selbstwirksamkeit Kurzskala), the PAM 13-D (Patient Activation Measure) and the structured AKKOM questionnaire on CAM usage was distributed at a German university hospital.

73. Results 639 patients (male 32.9%, female 63.2%;  gynecological cancer  41%, gastrointestinal 19.2%, urogenital 15.6%) took part. 60% had used CAM in the last 3 months (biological 73%, holistic 63%, mind-body-methods 62%). Participants up to 30 years preferred biologically (p = 0.001), while women with gynecological cancer favored holistic based methods (p < 0.0001). There was no association between patients' beliefs on cancer causes and the chosen CAM method. Conclusion Improving knowledge in patients on cancer etiology and treatments could facilitate the understanding of additional complementary treatments.

74. BIBLIOGRAPHY : Brar Navdeep Kaur and Rawat C H, “Textbook of advance nursing practice” first edition 2015, Jaypee brother’s medical publishers(P)Ltd. Lindquist Ruth, Snyder Mariah and Tracy Fran Mary “Complementary and alternative therapies in nursing”, seventh edition, Springer publishing company. Sreevani R “A Guide to Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing” Fourth Edition, Jaypee publication, pg. 157-160. Brar Navdeep Kaur and Rawat HC “Textbook of Advanced Nursing Practice” first edition, 2015, Jaypee publication, pg. 933-944. Stuart Gail W “Principles and Practice of Psychiatric Nursing, tenth edition, Elsevier pg. 606-614. Central council for research in Ayurvedic sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India .

75. QUESTIONS: Q.NO.1) What are the complementary therapies? Q.No. 2) Which organization classified the CAM? Q.No. 3)What are the nurses role in CAM?