Complete April 2024 Current affairs Part- 1.pdf

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1. April 2024
Current Affairs
KAS Prelims

2. Global Report on Food Crises (GRFC) 2024
❖over 36 million children under 5 years
of age acutely malnourished across 32
countries.
❖Acute malnutrition worsened in 2023-
24
❖There has also been an increase of 1
million people facing Emergency
❖This eighth edition of the report,
produced annually by the Food Security
Information Network

3. Question For You
▪Global Hunger index Released By Whom?
▪India’s Ranking In GHI ?

5. (International LabourOrganization)
❖Established as an agency for the League of Nations following World War I.
❖Established by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.
❖It became the first specialisedagency of the United Nations (UN) in the year 1946.
❖It got the Nobel Peace Prize in 1969 (to promote fraternity among nations by
ensuring social justice).
❖It is the only tripartite U.N. agency. It brings together governments, employers and
workers.
❖Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland.
Key reports:
1. World Employment and Social Outlook.
2. Global Wage Report.

6. International Organizations Headquarters
United Nations Organization New York
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) New York
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) New York
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
(UNCTAD)
Geneva
World Health Organisation Geneva
International Labour Organisation Geneva
International Committee of the Red Cross Geneva
World Trade Organisation Geneva
World Meteorological Organisation Geneva
World Intellectual Property Organization Geneva
International Organization for Standardization Geneva

7. International Organizations Headquarters
Universal Postal Union Berne
Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Rome
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Brussels
Transparency International Berlin
International Renewable Energy Agency Abu Dhabi (UAE)
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation Kathmandu
Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) Jakarta
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Singapore
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation Jeddah
Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation Ebene, Mauritius
Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical WeaponsThe Hague, The Netherlands
International Olympic Committee Lausanne, Switzerland

8. International Organizations Headquarters
United Nations Educational Scientific & Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Paris
UN Women New York
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Paris
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Vienna
International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna
Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) Vienna
International Monetary Fund (IMF) Washington DC
World Bank Washington DC
Amnesty International London
International Maritime Organisation London
Commonwealth of Nations London
International Court Of Justice The Hague

9. Global Financial Stability Report
❖a semi-annual report by the International Monetary Fund (IMF)
❖ It is released twice per year, in April and October.
It focuses on current market conditions
Financial Stability Board (FSB):
•An international body that monitors and makes recommendations about the global financial system.
•Mandate: Promote coordination and information exchange among authorities responsible for financial
stability.
•Headquarters: Basel, Switzerland

10. ❖(MIT) has been ranked as the 1 university in the world by QS
World University Rankings for 12 straight years.
❖Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB) is the top ranked
Indian institution, being ranked at 149.
❖69 Indian universities with 424 entries have made it to the QS
World University Rankings by subject.
❖India is the second most represented country in Asia for the number
❖If ranked universities (69), after mainland China with 101.
❖India holds the fourth position in the total number of ranked entries
(454), after China (1,041), Japan (510) and South Korea (499).
❖Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) leads among Indian
institutions, securing the 20th position globally for development
studies.

11. Highlights of the report with respect to India
• India's dependence on China and the European Union
(EU) grew by 1.2 per cent
• reliance on Saudi Arabia slid by 0.6 per cent.
• major shift in trade due to the ongoing Russia-Ukraine
war.
• While Russia's trade dependence on China surged by a
record 7.1 per cent, its reliance on the EU slid by 5.3
percent

12. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
▪It was established in 1964 to promote trade, investment, and
▪development in developing countries.
▪It is a permanent organ of the United Nations (UN) General Assembly.
▪It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.
▪UNCTAD has approximately 190 members.
▪The highest policy-making body of UNCTAD is the Conference, which meets once
▪every four years to set policy guidelines and to formulate a program of work.
Flagship reports:
➤ Trade and Development Report
➤ World Investment Report
➤ The Least Developed Countries Report
➤ Economic Development in Africa Report
➤ Information Economy Report
➤ Technology and Innovation Report
➤ Review of Maritime Transport

14. JoB Resilience Report is Released by
World Bank
The country's employment ratio had
declined more than in any other country
in the region except Nepal up till 2022

15. Consumer Confidence Survey
•Conduct by RBI
•Conducted across various cities and measures consumer
confidence on parameters such as the economy, employment,
price, income, and spending.
Consumer Confidence Index (CCI)
•a survey that is conducted every two months to measure how
optimistic or pessimistic the consumers are regarding their
financial situation.
•main variables of the survey are: Economic situation,
Employment, Price Level, Income and Spending.

16. Fiscal Monitor Report
It is prepared twice a year by the IMF's Fiscal Affairs Department.
International Monetary Fund
•IMF was initiated in 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference
•Formation: 27 December 1945
•Headquarters: Washington, D.C
•Managing Director: Kristalina Georgieva
•IMF focuses on fostering global monetary cooperation, securing financial stability, facilitating and promoting
international trade, employment, and economic growth around the world.
•The IMF is a specialized agency of the United Nations.
•Reports:
•Global Financial Stability Report
•World Economic Outlook

17. Financial Services Institutions Bureau
(FSIB)
government body set up under the department of financial
service by central government in 2022.
The Secretariat of the Bureau currently comprises of
Secretary and four officers.
It replaced Banks Board Bureau (BBB).
It aims to identify manpower capabilities and ensure
proper selection of talent for senior positions at financial
institutions owned by the government.
It comprises of Ex-Officio members from Government
other the Regulatory Bodies and experts from the
respective field.

18. Shrinkflation
•A combination of two words,
"shrink" and "inflation". practice
of reducing the size of a product
•while maintaining its sticker price.
•Shrinkflation is basically a form of
hidden inflation.
•main reasons for shrinkflation are:
•Increase Production Costs
•Strong level of Competition

19. Spice Board of India
•Regulatory and export promotion agency for
Indian spices and was constituted in 1987
under Spices Board Act 1986.
•It is the flagship organization for the
development and worldwide promotion of
Indian spices.
•It is functioning under the Ministry of
Commerce & Industry.
•It is headed by a chairman, a rank equivalent
to Joint Secretary to the Government of India.
•The board is headquartered in Kochi.

20. ECI’s C-Vigil app a big hit with voters: over 79,000 violations reported
so far through the complaintsapp
since announcement of General Elections; 99 % cases disposed off
cVIGIL Citizen App
Launched by: Election commission of India
Aim: To enable citizens to report violations of the
Model Code of Conduct (MCC) during elections.
Features:
▪report violations of the MCC
▪GPS to track
▪capture the live incidents
Significance:
▪User-Friendly
▪Increase of Participation
▪Technology in Politics
▪A Step Towards Transparency

22. Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT)
❖ a method of providing feedback to voters using
EVMs.
❖VVPAT is intended as an independent verification
system for voting machines
❖ contains the name of the candidate for whom vote has
been cast and symbol of the party/individual
candidate.
❖ first used in a by-election in Nagaland in 2013.

24. Developed by: Election Commission of India (ECI)
Aim: to ensure a level playing field upholding the democratic principles of free, fair and transparent
elections.

25. Black swan event
A black swan is a rare, unpredictable event that comes as a surprise and has a significant impact on society
or the world.
Characteristics:
They are extremely rare and outside the realm of regular expectations;
They have a severe impact after they hit; and
They seem probable in hindsight when plausible explanations appear.
According to Nicholas Taleb, the past Black Swan events are
1) The 2008 global financial crisis - triggered by a sudden crash in the booming housing market in the US,
2) The fall of the Soviet Union and
3) The terrorist attack in the US on September 11, 2001

26. National Organ and Tissue Transplant Organization (NOTTO)
A national level organisation set up under the Directorate General
of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
❖ Mandate:
❑To establish a network for organ procurement and distribution.
❑To maintain a national registry on organ donation and
transplantation

29. 6th Schedule of Constitution
▪Provisions for the administration of tribal
areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and
Mizoram
▪Passed by the Constituent Assembly in 1949
▪seeks to safeguard the rights of tribal population
through the formation of Autonomous District
Councils (ADC).
▪Governors of these states are empowered to
reorganize boundaries also provides for separate
Regional Councils for each area constituted as
an autonomous region.
▪10 areas in the Northeast that are registered as
autonomous districts - three in Assam,
Meghalaya and Mizoram and one in Tripura.

30. Curative Petition
▪Curative petition is a second
chance review, but it is not a
right.
▪A the court only if certain
prerequisites are met. curative
petition will be granted by a
curative petition is supported
by Article 137 of the Indian
Constitution.

31. Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT)
▪Central Government the authority to create a Central Administrative Tribunal
▪Beginning of a new era in the provision of prompt and low-cost justice to disgruntled
public employees.
▪Not bound by the procedure laid down in the Civil Procedure Code of 1908.
▪Section 17 of the Administrative Tribunal Act of 1985
▪to exercise the same jurisdiction and authority over itself as a High Court in cases of
contempt.
▪a multi-member body led by a chairman and members
➤ Tribunals were not part of the original constitution.
➤ Added by 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 with a new Part XIV-A to the Constitution on
recommendation of Swaran Singh Committee. (Committee also recommended
FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES)
➤ 323-A-deals with Administrative Tribunals.
➤ 323-B-deals with tribunals for other matters.
Works on principle of natural justice, not abiding by civil procedure code.
➤ Members are drawn from Judicial and administrative streams.
➤ Chairpersons of tribunals accorded Status of judges of HC
➤ They enjoy some of the powers of a civil court e. issuing summons and allowing
witnesses to give evidence. Its decisions are legally binding on the parties, subject to appeal.

32. Euvichol-S 2
•Toxin from bacteria penetrates cells of intestinal wall 3 Toxin
prevents intestine from absorbing water from digested food:
diarrhea, dehydration result .
•It is the inactivated oral vaccine to treat It is the third product of
the same family of vaccines which are there for cholera in WHO
prequalification list.
• It is a simplified formulation of the oral cholera vaccine (OCV)
Euvichol-Plus. Other inactivated oral cholera vaccines are
Euvichol and Euvichol- Plus.

33. myCGHS app
▪Designed to enhance access to Electronic Health
Records, information and resources for Central
Government Health Scheme (CGHS) beneficiaries.
▪It is developed by the technical teams of the
National Informatics Centre (NIC
▪app features security features like 2-factor
authentication and functionality of mPIN ensuring
the confidentiality and integrity of users' data.

34. S.A.R.A.H.(Smart AI Resource Assistant
for Health)
▪It is a digital health promoter prototype with enhanced
empathetic response powered by generative artificial
intelligence (AI).
▪It is launched by the World Health Organisation (WHO).
▪Aims: to provide an additional tool for people to realize
their rights to health, wherever they are.
▪S.A.R.A.H. engages users in 8 languages on various
health topics, providing information on healthy habits,
mental health, and major health issues like cancer and
heart disease.

35. GLOBAL HEPATITIS
REPORT 2024
▪Key Findings of Report
▪In 2022: 50,000 new cases of
Hepatitis B
▪In 2022: 1.4 lakh new cases of
Hepatitis C
▪resulted in the deaths of 1.23 lakh
individuals in India during the same
year.
▪Ten countries, including India, bear
nearly two-thirds of the global burden
of hepatitis B and C
▪Bangladesh, China, Ethiopia,
Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, the
Philippines, the Russian Federation,
and Vietnam are among the countries
targeted for intensified efforts and
support.

38. Kala-azar
▪Also known as Black Fever or Dumdum Fever
▪A slow-progressing indigenous disease
▪Caused by - Protozoan parasite
▪Only parasite for disease in India - Leishmania
donovani
▪Transmitted by - Sand-flies
▪Major symptoms - spleen and liver
enlargement
▪Treatment - Injectable liposomal
▪amphotericin B
▪Endemic to the states - Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar
Pradesh and West Bengal

45. Doping

46. India tops list of doping offenders in 2022: WADA anti-
doping report
World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)
▪Established in 1999
▪An international independent agency to lead a collaborative worldwide movement
for doping-free sport.
▪Primary role is to develop, harmonize and coordinate anti-doping rules and policies
across all sports and countries. It is a Swiss private law, not-for-profit foundation.
▪Its seat is in Lausanne, Switzerland, and its headquarters are in Montreal, Canada.
National Anti-Doping Agency registered society under the Societies Registration Act of
1890 in 2005 mandate for ensuring Dope free sports in India.
▪Responsible for promoting, coordinating, and monitoring doping control program in
sports in all its forms.
▪Comes under Union Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports.

47. Thank
All
You
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