Complete Blood Count (CBC) or Full Blood Count (FBC)

A complete blood count (CBC), also known as a full blood count (FBC), is a set of medical laboratory tests that provide information about the cells in a person's blood. The CBC indicates the counts of Complete Blood Count (CBC), red blood cells and platelets, the concentration of hemoglobin, and the hematocrit (the volume percentage of red blood cells). The red blood cell indices, which indicate the average size and hemoglobin content of red blood cells, are also reported, and a white blood cell differential, which counts the different types of white blood cells, may be included.

1. Complete Blood Count (CBC) By- Neelima Mandloi

2. Complete Blood Count (CBC) A complete blood count (CBC) is a common blood test that measures the levels of different blood cells in the body. It provides valuable information about our overall health and can help detect and monitor a wide range of medical conditions. A test that measures different components of blood. Essential for diagnosing various conditions. Includes counts of different types of cells.

3. When do you need a CBC blood test? As part of a routine health exam. To investigate unexplained symptoms, like fever, unintended weight loss, night sweats, bruising, bleeding or fatigue. To monitor an ongoing health condition, like cancer or chronic kidney disease (CKD). To monitor how well treatment is working or how a medication is affecting your body. For instance, certain treatments can lower your white blood cell counts and weaken your immune system. To monitor your health while you’re pregnant.

4. What does a CBC blood test check for ? Anemia (low levels of red blood cells or hemoglobin). Erythrocytosis (high concentrations of red blood cells). Leukocytosis (high white blood count). Leukopenia (low white blood count). Thrombocytosis (high platelet count). Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count). These can be signs of many health conditions, including infections, cancer, blood conditions and medication side effects. But provider can use the results of CBC, along with symptoms, to narrow down or diagnose the cause.

5. Components of CBC White Blood Cells (WBC) Red Blood Cells (RBC) Haemoglobin (Hgb) Haematocrit ( Hct ) Platelets Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)

6. White Blood Cells (WBC) Types: Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils Fight infections and foreign invaders. Normal range: 4,000-11,000 cells/µl Elevated WBC An increased WBC count can indicate the presence of an infection, inflammation, or certain diseases like leukemia. Healthcare providers monitor WBC levels to detect and manage these conditions. Decreased WBC A low WBC count, known as leukopenia, can make individuals more susceptible to infections. It may result from chemotherapy, autoimmune disorders, or other medical conditions that suppress the immune system

7. Red Blood Cells (RBC) The RBC count measures the number of red blood cells (erythrocytes) present in a sample of blood. Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. Normal range: 4.7-6.1 million cells/µL (men), 4.2-5.4 million cells/µL (women) Abnormal RBC counts can indicate various medical conditions, such as anemia, polycythemia, or dehydration.

8. Hemoglobin (Hgb) Protein in RBCs that carries oxygen. Normal ranges: 13.8-17.2 g/dL men, 12.1-15.1 g/dL women

9. Hematocrit ( Hct ) Percentage of blood volume made up of RBCs. Normal ranges: 40.7%-50.3% (men), 36.1%-44.3% (women)

10. Platelets Platelets play a crucial role in blood clotting, helping to stop bleeding and repair damaged blood vessels. Normal range: 150,000-450,000 platelets/µL.

11. Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) Average size of red blood cells. Normal range: 80-100 fL

12. Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) & MCHC MCH: Average amount of hemoglobin per RBC. MCHC: Concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of RBCs. Normal ranges: MCH (27-31 pg ), MCHC (32-36 g/dL)

13. Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) Variation in the size of RBCs. Normal range: 11.5%-14.5%

14. Normal CBC count range - TEST NORMAL VALUE FOR ADULTS WBC 4,000 to 10,000 cells per mcL (4.0 to 10 k/ mcL ) RBC 4.0 to 5.4 million cells per mcL (for people assigned female at birth/AFAB or taking estrogen) or 4.5 to 6.1 million cells per mcL (for people assigned male at birth/AMAB or taking testosterone) Hb 11.5 to 15.5 g/dL (for people AFAB or taking estrogen) or 13 to 17 g/dL (for people AMAB or taking testosterone) Hct 36% to 48% (for people AFAB or taking estrogen) or 40% to 55% (for people AMAB or taking testosterone) MCV 80 to 100 fL (femtoliters) MCH 27 to 31 pg (picograms) per cell MCHC 32 to 36 g/dL (grams per deciliter)

15. Normal CBC count range (Continued)… TEST NORMAL VALUE FOR ADULTS Platelet count 150,000 to 400,000 cells per mcL (150 to 400 k/ mcL ) MPV 7.0 fL to 9.0 fL Neutrophils 2,500 to 7,000 per mcL (2.5 to 7.0 k/ mcL ) Lymphocytes 1,000 to 4,800 per mcL (1.0 to 4.8 k/ mcL ) Monocytes 200 to 800 per mcL (0.2 to 0.8 k/ mcL ) Eosinophils Less than 500 per mcL (0.5 k/ mcL ) Basophils Less than 300 per mcL (0.3 k/ mcL ) Immature granulocytes Less than 100 mcL (0.1 k/ mcL ) NRBC Less than 10 mcL (0.01 k/ mcL ) RDW 12% to 15% NRBC Less than 10 mcL (0.01 k/ mcL )

16. Clinical Applications of CBC Diagnosing anemia, infections, and more. Monitoring health conditions. Guiding further tests and treatments.

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