Definisi b owel obstruksi yang berhubungan dengan ischemia, infark , dan perforasi Griffiths S, Glancy DG. Intestinal obstruction. Surgery .; 35(3): p.3. doi : 10.1016/j.mpsur.2016.12.005 Diamond M, Lee J, LeBedis CA. Small Bowel Obstruction and Ischemia. Radiol Clin North Am .2019; 57(4): p.689-703. doi : 10.1016/j.rcl.2019.02.002
Red flags for complicated bowel obstruction Griffiths S, Glancy DG. Intestinal obstruction. Surgery .; 35(3): p.3. doi : 10.1016/j.mpsur.2016.12.005 Diamond M, Lee J, LeBedis CA. Small Bowel Obstruction and Ischemia. Radiol Clin North Am .2019; 57(4): p.689-703. doi : 10.1016/j.rcl.2019.02.002
Pemeriksaan lab complicated bowel obstruction Hayden GE, Sprouse KL. Bowel Obstruction and Hernia. Emerg Med Clin North Am .2011; 29(2): p.319-345. doi : 10.1016/j.emc.2011.01.004 Ten Broek RPG, Krielen P, Di Saverio S, et al. Bologna guidelines for diagnosis and management of adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO): 2017 update of the evidence-based guidelines from the world society of emergency surgery ASBO working group. World Journal of Emergency Surgery .2018; 13(1): p.24. doi : 10.1186/s13017-018-0185-2 Walls R, Hockberger R, Gausche -Hill M. Rosen's Emergency Medicine . Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2018
Abdominal series x-ray : most appropriate initial test in hemodynamically unstable patients or in resource-poor centers CT Scan Abdomen and Pelvis is gold standard for bowel obstruction: CT Scan Abdomen and Pelvis With IV contrast: most appropriate initial test in hemodynamically stable patients CT Scan Abdomen and Pelvis Without contrast: for patients with a contrast allergy Katz SD, Baker EM, et al.. American College of Radiology ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Suspected Small-Bowel Obstruction. https://acsearch.acr.org/docs/69476/Narrative/. Updated: January 1, 2013. Accessed: June 3, 2019 Cartwright SL, Knudson MP. Diagnostic Imaging of Acute Abdominal Pain in Adults. American Academy of Family Physicians .2015; 91(7): p.452-9. pmid : 25884745 Radiologis
Terapi awal complicated bowel obstruction NPO status Electrolyte repletion as needed Pasang NGT Pemasangan O2 support Analgetik Antiemetik AB empiris untuk intraabdominal infections bila demam dan/ atau leukocytosis Pada strangulated or perforated bowel obstruction sebagai profilaksiss untuk operasi pada bowel osbtruksi yg disebabkan malignancy Jackson P, Vigiola Cruz M. Intestinal Obstruction: Evaluation and Management. Am Fam Physician .2018; 98(6): p.362-367. pmid : 30215917 Pisano M, Zorcolo L, Merli C, et al. 2017 WSES guidelines on colon and rectal cancer emergencies: obstruction and perforation. World Journal of Emergency Surgery .2018; 13(1): p.36. doi : 10.1186/s13017-018-0192-3 . | Open in Read by QxMD
NGT Fecal persiapkan operasi Schein, M, et al. Schein’s Common Sense Emergency Abdominal Surgery 4th edition. Castle Hill Barns: tfm Publishing Ltd. 2016; 328
Terapi Definitif Jackson P, Vigiola Cruz M. Intestinal Obstruction: Evaluation and Management. Am Fam Physician .2018; 98(6): p.362-367. pmid : 30215917 Rami Reddy SR, Cappell MS. A Systematic Review of the Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Small Bowel Obstruction. Curr Gastroenterol Rep .2017; 19(6): p.28. doi : 10.1007/s11894-017-0566-9 Maung AA, Johnson DC, Piper GL, et al. Evaluation and management of small-bowel obstruction. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery .2012; 73(5): p.S362-S369. doi : 10.1097/ta.0b013e31827019de