COMPLICATION OF MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM .

The musculoskeletal system is a complex and crucial part of the human body, providing structure, support, and movement. It includes bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage

1. MS. R AGAVI R MSC [N] 1 YEAR GANGA COLLEGE OF NSG COIMBATORE

2. COMPLICATION OF MUSCULO SKELETAL SYSTEM MS RAGAVI R MSC NURSING 1 YEAR GANGA COLLEGE OF NURSING Coimbatore

3. REVIEW OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

4. COMPLICATION OF MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

5. SHOCK shock refers to a critical condition where there is a severe drop in blood flow throughout the body, leading to inadequate oxygen and nutrients being delivered to tissues and organs. This can result from various causes, such as severe blood loss, dehydration, or infections, and requires immediate medical attention. Symptoms might include rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure, confusion, and pale or clammy skin.

6. CLASSIFICATION OF SHOCK

7. Hypovolemic shock is a type of shock that occurs when there is a significant loss of blood volume or other fluids in the body, leading to inadequate perfusion of tissues and organs. The primary cause is the reduction in circulating blood volume, which diminishes the heart's ability to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs.

8. P A T H O P H YS I O L O G Y

9. CARDIOGENIC SHOCK Cardiogenic shock is a serious condition where the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the body's needs, leading to inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation. It occurs when the heart's pumping ability is compromised, typically due to severe heart problems.

10. SEPTIC SHOCK Septic shock is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition that arises as a result of a systemic infection. It occurs when an infection leads to a widespread inflammatory response throughout the body, causing a dramatic drop in blood pressure and impaired blood flow to organs and tissues.

11. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SEPTIC SHOCK

12. NEUROGENIC SHOCK Neurogenic shock is a type of shock that results from the loss of sympathetic nervous system tone, leading to a sudden decrease in vascular resistance and blood pressure. It is often associated with spinal cord injuries but can also be caused by other conditions that disrupt the normal autonomic control of blood vessels.

13. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

14. ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK anaphylactic shock , which is a severe and life-threatening allergic reaction. This type of shock occurs rapidly after exposure to an allergen and can lead to widespread symptoms affecting multiple body systems.

15. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY DUE TO ANTIBODY RESPONSE RELEASE OF HISTAMINE VASODILATATION INCREASED CAPILLARY PERMEABILITY SEVERE BRONCHO CONSTRICTION DECREASED OXYGEN SUPPLY AND UTILIZATION

16.  FAT EMBOLISM

17. COMPARTMENT SYNDROME

18. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

19. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT

20. FASCIOTOMY A fasciotomy is a surgical procedure performed to relieve pressure within a compartment of the body that has become excessively high due to conditions like compartment syndrome. Compartment syndrome occurs when pressure builds up within a muscle compartment (an enclosed space surrounded by fascia) to levels that compromise blood flow and tissue function. This can lead to severe pain, muscle damage, and loss of function if not addressed promptly.

21. DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a condition in which a blood clot (thrombus) forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs. This condition can cause pain, swelling, and other symptoms in the affected limb. DVT is a serious condition because the clot can break loose and travel to the lungs, leading to a pulmonary embolism (PE), which can be life-threatening.

22. HOMANS SIGNS The Homan's sign is a physical examination test used historically to assess for the presence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the legs. It involves the patient’s leg being placed in a specific position and applying pressure to check for pain that might suggest a blood clot

23. NON UNION Nonunion refers to a condition where a broken bone fails to heal properly, resulting in a lack of bone healing or growth at the fracture site. This can lead to persistent pain, functional impairment, and instability at the fracture site. Nonunion can occur despite appropriate initial treatment and can significantly impact a patient’s recovery and quality of life.

24. AVASCULAR NECROSIS OF BONE Avascular necrosis (AVN), also known as osteonecrosis, is a condition where bone tissue dies due to a lack of blood supply. This can lead to the collapse of the affected bone, joint pain, and loss of function. AVN can affect any bone, but it commonly impacts the hip, knee, shoulder, and ankle joints.