Components of an article; information to be included in different parts of an article.pptx

Components of an article; information to be included in different parts of an article.pptx

1. Components of an article; information to be included in different parts of an article Rajesh K. Yadav Assistant Professor School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University 27/08/2025 BPT-251:Part:B-rky 1

2. Components of Research article The structure of a journal article is variable and completely relies on the type of journal o r the subject area involved. Regardless, all journal articles possess some standard components: Title of the article The Deck – also known as Sub head Introduction Body/Methodology Conclusion References

3. Information to be included in Research articles are

4. Title The entire content of the article is represented on the title page. The title of the article is one of the first indicators readers will get from their research and concepts. Technical information Following the title, information such as the author’s name and his/her affiliations is mentioned. These are usually mentioned at the end of the article. Volume number, issue, and data of publication are mentioned at the top of the first page .

5. Abstract A brief, non-evaluative, comprehensive summary of the contents of the article is described as an abstract. Following a very specific pattern of writing, it is advised that an improperly formatted abstract will fail to reach the audience in an effective manner. Introduction/Background The goal of the introduction is to let the reader know the topic of the article and what points will be made about it. An introduction to an article also provides justification for the proposed hypothesis.

6. Methods The Methods section of the journal article consists of the research protocol. It enables the reader to evaluate the appropriateness of the methods used in the study. Methods includes the subsections of Study design Study method Study area Sample size Sampling frame Data collection tools and techniques Inclusion and Exclusion criteria Pretesting Validity and reliability

7. Results A brief statement of the main results or findings is followed by a report with sufficient detail to justify the conclusions. It is common to find figures and tables in this section . Discussion Evaluates and interprets the implications of the results, especially with respect to the original hypothesis.  Includes a clear statement of the support or non-support for the original hypothesis .

8. Acknowledgments The purpose of this section is to acknowledge and thank people or organizations that helped carry out the research work. References The most important component section of a journal article is the reference section. It provides complete details of the article, and this section helps readers find further information. The References section follows a particular format and includes the author name, title of the paper, journal name, issue number, and page number.  The year in which the paper was published is also mentioned in each reference.

9. Types of Referencing style Harvard Style Vancouver style APA style

10. APA (American Psychological Association) Used in: Social sciences, psychology, education In-text citation :(Smith, 2020 ) Reference list format : Smith , J. (2020). The impact of climate change on health. Oxford University Press . Journal article example : Brown , R., & White, K. (2019). The effects of air pollution on respiratory health. Journal of Environmental Studies, 45(3), 150–165. https://doi.org/10.xxxx

11. Harvard Style Used in: Business, economics, sciences In-text citation:(Smith, 2020 ) Reference list format : Smith , J. (2020) The impact of climate change on health. Oxford University Press . Journal article example : Brown , R. and White, K. (2019) ‘The effects of air pollution on respiratory health’, Journal of Environmental Studies, 45(3), pp. 150–165.

12. Vancouver Used in: Medicine, health sciences In-text citation:(1 ) Reference list format : Smith J. The impact of climate change on health. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2020 . Journal article example : 2 . Brown R, White K. The effects of air pollution on respiratory health. J Environ Stud. 2019;45(3):150-165.

13. Abstract A bstract of a research article is a concise/short summary that provides an overview of the study. It should be structured and include the following key elements in summary 1. Background/Introduction It includes the briefly introduction of the research problem or topic, the problem statement. It also highlight the significance and rationale for the study.

14. 2. Objectives/Aims (Moreover, the objectives of the study is mentioned at the end line of the introduction part ) It should clearly state the research objectives or research question. 3. Methods Describe the study design (e.g., cross-sectional, cohort ), experimental). Study method- Quantitative or qualitative . Mention the sample size and population. Outline the data collection and analysis methods. Validity and Reliability, Ethical consideration

15. 4. Results It includes summarization of the key findings, using quantitative or qualitative data. It also include significant trends or associations. 5 . Conclusion State the main interpretation of the findings , do-not write in numerical form and don’t repeat the result part. Discuss the implications and potential recommendations.

16. Additional Tips: Keep it within 150–250 words (as per journal guidelines). Use clear and concise language. Focus on key findings and their significance.

17. Extraction of information Things to be consider while extracting information 1. Search for the article which match with purpose of your study. 2. Extract information from the following sections: Title & Abstract → Overview of the study Introduction → Research problem, objectives, and hypothesis Methods → Study design, population, data collection, and analysis techniques Results → Key findings, statistical data, and significance levels Discussion & Conclusion → Interpretation, limitations, and recommendations

18. Things to be consider while extracting information 1. Extract only relevant information Avoid unnecessary details; focus on information that aligns with your research needs . Use summarization techniques (e.g., paraphrasing, bullet points) for clarity.

19. 2. Extract Statistical & Methodological Details: Sample size (n), population characteristics, and study location . Key statistical findings (e.g., p-values, confidence intervals, effect sizes ). Any biases or limitations mentioned by the authors.

20. 3. Maintain proper referencing and citation Record full citation details to avoid plagiarism . Use appropriate referencing styles (APA, Vancouver, Harvard, etc .). If quoting directly, ensure proper attribution.

21. 4. Organize extracted data systematically Use tables, spreadsheets, or software tools (e.g., Excel, NVivo , Zotero ) for structured data storage . Categorize information based on themes or research questions.

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23. Tools for Managing Extracted Data Excel or Google Sheets (For manual data entry ) Create separate columns for each research parameter . Use filters to sort articles by topic, method, or results . 2 . Zotero or Mendeley (For reference management ) Store and cite research articles easily . Organize extracted information under different folders .

24. 3. NVivo or ATLAS.ti (For qualitative data analysis ) Use for thematic coding of extracted information . 4. Notion or Obsidian (For structured research note-taking ) Create a research database for easy retrieval.

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