Components of Disaster Management

Components of Disaster Management including PRRM, which are Preparedness, Response, Recovery and Mitigation

1. COMPONENTS OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT STUDENT NAME: Rishabh Mishra (Student ID: 2020517561) Subject: Disaster Management (OPE250) Course: BBA; SBS (1 st Year & 2 nd Sem) Section: C Date of Presentation : 16 th June, 2021

2. Disaster Management Disaster management is a collective term encompassing all aspects of planning for and responding to emergencies and disasters, including both pre- and post-event activities. It refers to the management of both the risk and the consequences of an event. In essence, disaster management is more than just response and relief; it is a systematic process aimed at reducing the negative impact and/or consequences of adverse events.

3. Goals/Objectives of Disaster Management The concept of disaster preparedness is quite straightforward. Its objective is to ensure that in times of disasters appropriate systems, procedures and resources are in place to assist those afflicted by the disaster and enable them to help themselves. To minimize the adverse effects of a hazard through effective precautionary actions, and to ensure timely, appropriate and efficient organization and delivery of emergency response following the impact of a disaster. Proactive plans to mitigate various business risks and secure sites and facilities Safeguard and make available vital materials, supplies and equipment to ensure the safety and recovery of records and belongings from predictable disasters. Getting prepared to recover from a major natural catastrophe in future

4. Components of Disaster Management As per the Disaster Management of India, 2005, Disaster Management has been defined as the a continuous and integrated process of planning, organizing, coordinating measures which are necessary or expedient for: Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster Mitigation or reduction of risk of any disaster, or its severity or consequences; Need for systematic identification, assessment and evaluation of disaster events with continuous process planning. Preparedness to deal with any disaster; Prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster; Assessing the severity or magnitude of any disaster; Evacuation, rescue and relief; Rehabilitation and reconstruction; The above points refers to each of the components of disaster management which largely remain constant throughout the globe.

5. Integrating the following into four aspects into all parts of the development process leads to sustainable development and lessens post-disaster loss of life, property and financial solvency. Successful disaster risk management requires the implementation of all these four phases of the disaster management cycle. The four basic stages are: P reparedness R esponse R ecovery M itigation (Also known as PRRP/M)

6. P reparedness Preparedness is basically the one of four phases of disaster management. Its meaning is to prevent future emergencies and take steps to minimize their effects. Preparedness / measures to be taken before and after an event . This phase includes planning, training, and educational activities for events that cannot be mitigated and it lessens the severity of disasters by preparing people for disaster, developing plans to ensure an effective response and recovery and training people to implement plans after a disaster occurs. Preparedness involves: Developing disaster preparedness plans for what to do, where to go, or who to call for help in a disaster Exercising plans through drills, tabletop exercises, and full-scale exercises Creating a supply list of items that are useful in a disaster Walking around a farm and identifying possible vulnerabilities to high winds

7. Examples- Conducting a property inspection to discover ways to fortify the building against damage  The organization may revise zoning and land-use management to further prevent or reduce the impact of a disaster Designing system and structures to be resilient to stresses such as a neighborhood that grows some of its own food and cities designed and engineered from the ground up to withstand strong earthquakes Training for basic survival skills and how to help others. Organizations and govt’s may also train employees to restore services. Training may also include simulations and drills that allow people to practice

8. R esponse The response phase occurs in the immediate aftermath of a disaster. During the response phase, business and other operations do not function normally. Personal safety and wellbeing in an emergency and the duration of the response phase depend on the level of preparedness. Response / Measures to be taken during and immediately after an event. It corresponds to actions taken directly before, during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected. To be ready for response with capability to provide rapid and efficient medical, rescue and emergency supplies, and equipment to those in need. Response involves: Mobilization  of the necessary emergency services and first responders in the disaster area Assessment of situation Requirement analysis Rescue and evacuation Emergency assistance (medical care, shelter, distribution of food, water & supplies)

9. Examples- Implementing disaster response plans in affected area to ensure that people are out of harm’s way. The organization will then move on to assess damage, implement disaster response plans, or Conducting search and rescue missions throughout the region affected Taking actions to protect yourself, your family, your animals, and others. Addressing public perceptions about food safety, shelter, security etc. Businesses will need to navigate building closures, preliminary damage assessments and hampered communication with stakeholders (like staff, vendors and suppliers) due to shutdowns.

10. Recovery Recovery is implementation of actions to promote sustainable redevelopment following a disaster, The immediate goal of the recovery phase is to bring the affected area back to normalcy as quickly as possible. Recovery/ Post disaster measures are taken after the disaster (long term effects). During the recovery period, restoration efforts occur concurrently with regular operations and activities. The recovery period from a disaster can be prolonged, last anywhere from six months to a year (or even longer depending on the severity of the incident). Recovery involves: Rehabilitation of displaced people Rebuilding damaged structures based on advanced knowledge obtained from the preceding disaster as well as financing for rebuilding Psychological counseling Long-term assistance to rebuild the community is critical to survival

11. Examples- Preventing or reducing stress-related illnesses and excessive financial burdens Providing essential public health and safety services. Also food and shelter for those displaced by the incident. Providing temporary shelter, restoring power, critical stress debriefing for emergency responders and victims Restoring interrupted utility and other essential services, reestablishing transportation routes Reconstruction of damaged public and private properties like houses, roads, bridges, water system, electricity plant etc. Reducing vulnerability to future disasters

12. Mitigation This phase includes actions taken to prevent or reduce the cause, impact, and consequences of disasters. Mitigation/prevention measures are to be taken before and after an event . Mitigation lessens the likelihood and severity of disaster by implementing sustained actions, such as improved construction practice, to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and property. Assessing risks is a crucial step before developing a disaster management plan. Just like recovery, it also focuses on long-term measures for reducing or eliminating risk. Mitigation involves: Hazard assessment Vulnerability analysis Risk assessment Risk evaluation Vulnerability reduction/mitigation strategies (Structural; embankments, cyclone shelters, components of earthquake resistant construction etc. and Non-Structural; disaster Management Planning, insurance, training on emergency management etc )

13. Examples- Tying down homes or barns with ground anchors to withstand wind damage Digging water channels to redirect water and planting vegetation to absorb water Constructing levees or permanent barriers to control flooding The construction of storm cellars and fallout shelters Flood plain or any other hazard mapping Conducting disaster mitigation public awareness programs to aware the society

14. Quick Recap Preparedness - Planning how to respond Response   - Efforts to minimize the hazards created by a disaster Recovery - Returning the community to normal Mitigation - Minimizing the effects of disaster

15. Conclusion Disaster Management in practical is nothing but preparedness to face any kind of Natural or Man-made disasters without panic. Disaster Management makes one a cautious and alert person and institutions who can handle the situation and save life of the affected ensuring his or her own safety first. Disaster Management can make a huge difference in life saving and recovering the damage done with a disciplined and systematic approach. Disaster management consists of risk analysis, where you determine what could happen and work to mitigate the result, and threat analysis where you assess something that is likely to happen and you work to mitigate the result and respond effectively. Understanding the four phases (PRRM) will empower the government and organizations to prepare for and respond to crises in a smarter, more informed way. Making the right decisions will give the best chance at survival and recovery following an unanticipated event. Successful and effective disaster risk management requires the implementation of these four phases in disaster management planning.

16. THANK YOU