Components of wind mill

details about various components

1. Wind Mill
S.S.RAVI SANKAR
Associate Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
SVCE

2. Progress in wind mill design

3. Wind Mill

4. Wind turbine components
1-Foundation
2-Connection to the electric grid
3-Tower
4-Access ladder
5-Wind orientation control (Yaw control)
6-Nacelle
7-Generator
8-Anemometer
9-ElectricorMechanicalBrake
10-Gearbox
11-Rotor blade
12-Blade pitch control
13-Rotor hub

5. 1-Foundation
•Ittransfersandspreads
theloadstothesoilat
depth.
•The verticaland
horizontalforceswhich
actontheturbine
foundationaredueto
self-weight
andwindrespectively.
•Theheightofwind
turbinetowervaries
usuallyfrom40mto130
m.

6. 2-Connection to the electric grid
•Theannualaveragewindspeedsofminimum10mpharemandatory
forsufficientenergyproductiontoqualifyforgridconnectivity.
•Thegrid-suppliedelectricityismoreexpensivethanrenewableenergy
systems.
•Networkvoltagesandfluctuationsincurrentcannotbecontrolled.

7. 3-Tower
•windspeedrisesproportionallytothe
seventhrootofaltitude.
•Toavoidbuckling,doublingthetowerheight
generallyrequiresdoublingthediameterof
thetower.
•Towersabout210ft(65m)high.
•30%–65%oftheturbineweight

8. 4-Access ladder
•Inside,thereis a 260 footladder.
•The only way to the top is by climb.
•Wind turbineshave three platforms along the ascent
to view other climbers or to take a rest during.
•Those who work in thewind turbineenergy or when
aturbineis shut down, have the opportunity to ascend
to the top.

9. 5-wind orientation control/Yaw
Mechanism
•Responsibleforthe
orientationofthewind
turbinerotortowards
thewind.
•thewindforceinorder
to adjust
theorientationof
thewindturbinerotor
intothewind.

10. Theyawcontrolsystem
alignstheturbine's
nacellewiththewind
directioninorderto
minimizetheyawangle
error,thatis,theresultof
thesubtractionbetween
turbinemainaxisangle
andwinddirection.

11. 6-Nacelle/wind turbine
•Thewindpushesdirectlyagainstthebladesof
theturbine,whichconvertsthelinearmotionof
thewindintotherotarymotion
•Housesallofthegeneratingcomponentsinawind
turbine,includingthegenerator,gearbox,drivetrain,
andbrakeassembly.

12. 7-generater
•Permanent magnet
synchronousgenerators
areused.
•produces alternating
current(AC).
•To spin
thegeneratorsrotorand
the harder
thewindpushes,the
moreelectricalenergycan
begenerated.

13. 8-Anemometer
•Measuringwindspeed
anddirection.
•windspeedstobe
comparable from
locationtolocation,
theeffectofthe
terrainneedstobe
considered,especially
inregardtoheight.

14. 9-Braking:causes the blades to slow down
Electrical Brake
•Dumping energy from
the generator into
aresistorbank.
•converting the kinetic
energy of the turbine
rotation into heat.
•safe speed in faster
winds while maintaining
(nominal) power
output.
Mechanical Brake
•A mechanicaldrum
brakeordisk brakeis
used to stop turbine in
emergency situation
such as extreme gust
events.
•Applied only after blade
furling.
•It can create a fire.

15. 10-Gear Box
•Increasetherotational
speedfromalow-speed
mainshafttoahigh-
speedshaftconnecting
with an
electricalgenerator.
•Anincreaseinshaft
speedwithareductionof
torque.

16. 11-Rotor Blade
•Speedratio(SR)=tipspeed/windspeed
•3bladeSR=6to7
•Useofaluminiumandcompositematerialsintheir
bladeshascontributedtolowrotationalinertia.

17. 12-Blade pitch Control
•Theangleofabladeinafluid.
•Usedtoadjusttherotation
speedandthegenerated
power.
•Implementedviahydraulicor
electricmechanisms.
•Accountsforlessthan3%ofa
windturbine'sexpense.
•Malfunctionsaccountfor23%
ofallwindturbineproduction
downtime.
•accountfor21%ofall
componentfailures.

18. 13-Rotor Hub
•Holdsthebladesand
connectsthemtothe
main shaft of
thewindmachine.
•Itholdsthebladesin
theirproperpositionfor
maximumaerodynamic
efficiency.
•Rotatestodrivethe
generator.