Composite fish culture system

all about the composite fish cultyre like ratio, feed etc.

1. Prepared by:- Krishan Kumar Y adav M.F.Sc -1 st Year COLLEGE OF FISHERIES ,UDAIPUR COMPOSITE FISH CULTURE

2. INTRODUCTION Basically , it is a fish culture in which more than one type of compatible fish is cultured simultaneously . Fuller utilization of the pond's productivity for maximization of fish yield, the aim in composite fish culture . This method enables maximum fish yield/production from a pond through utilization of available fish feed. Carp culture is a highly economic and profitable enterprise. Among many fish farming practices, the composite fish culture is one, which a common fish farmer can easily adopt with comparatively less investment to have more production and income than the traditional farming practice.

3. ADVANTAGES OF COMPOSITE FISH CULTURE:- composite fish culture is the most advanced & popular culture technique practiced in the country . The main advantage of composite fish culture is high production by utilizing feed in the pond effectively . In this system , farmers can supply different species based on the market demand .

4. FISH INVOLVED IN COMPOSITE FISH CULTURE: Depending on the compatibility & feeding habits of the fishes, the following varieties of fishes of India as well as Exotic types have been identified & recommended for the composite fish culture system .

5. Rohu Omnivorous Column feeder Catla Zoo plankton feeder Surface feeder Mrigal Omnivorous Bottom feeder IN DIAN MAJOR CARPS: Grass carp Herbivorous Surface, column and marginal areas Silver carp Phytoplankton feeder Surface feeder Common carp Detritivorous / Omnivorous Bottom feeder EXOTIC CARPS:

6. TECHNICAL PARAMETERS OF COMPOSITE FISH CULTURE: Cleaning of existing ponds . Deepening of shallow ponds . Excavation of new ponds . Impoundments of marginal areas of water bodies . Construction / repairs of ponds . Construction of Inlets / Outlets . Any other item like civil structures, pump sets water supply arrangements / electricity supply arrangements. Selection of Pond

7. POND MANAGEMENT: Pond management plays major and critical role in any fish farming before & after the stocking of fish seed. Fish farmers should consider various measures in pre and post stocking of fish seed mentioned as below. PRE-STOCKING: In case of new ponds, pre-stocking activity starts with liming and filling of the pond with water.  liming will balance the pH and increases the soil resistance and kills the parasite.  T he actual required dose depends on the pond soil pH value

8. Soil pH Lime (kg/ha) 4.5 to 5.0 2,000 5.1 to 6.5 1,000 6.6 to 7.5 500 7.6 to 8.5 500 8.6 to 9.5 Nil It is very important to go for soil pH testing before starting a new pond culture.  In case of existing ponds, cleaning of the pond and removing the weeds by chemical, manual or mechanical means should be carried. Continue ….......

9. FERTILIZATION/ MANURING IN COMPOSITE FISH CULTURE: Fertilization of the pond in fish farming is an important task for intensifying fish culture by increasing the natural productivity of the pond.  The fertilization schedule should be made based on the quality of the pond soil . Organic and Inorganic fertilizers can be used for best results .    The fertilizer application should be suitably modified depending on the growth of the fish in the pond, feed reserve in the pond and climatic conditions.

10. Cow dung @ 5000 kg/ha or any other organic manure in equivalent manurial value can be applied. This can be applied after 3 days of liming. ORGANIC MANURE: IN-ORGANIC MANURE: Continue… This should be carried after 2 weeks of organic manuring. The following chart shows the details Soil fertility status Ammonium Sulphate Urea 1. Nitrogen(mg/100 grams soil ) i ) High (51-75) ii) Medium (26-50)  iii) Low (up to 25) 70   90 140 30   40  60 2. Phosphorus (mg/100 gm soil) Single super phosphate Triple super Phosphate i) High (7-12) ii) Medium (4-6)  iii ) Low (up to 3) 40  50 70 15  20  30

11. STOCKING IN COMPOSITE FISH CULTURE: The pond will be ready for stocking after 2 weeks fertilizer application .   Fish fingerlings of 50 to 100 grams of size ( approx ) should be used for stocking the pond at the rate of 5000 per 1 hectare.  Fish Type (Species) 3-Fish Combination 4-Fish Combination 6-Fish Combination Catla 4.0 3.0 1.5 Rohu 3.0 3.0 2.0 Mrigal 3.0 2.0 1.5 Silver Carp – – 1.5 Grass Carp – – 1.5 Common Carp – 2.0 2.0

12. POST STOCKING IN COMPOSITE FISH CULTURE:- SUPPLEMENTARY FEED Fishes in the pond can be fed with a mixture of rice bran & oil cakes in the ratio 4:1.  The fish feed can be placed on a feeding tray or in a feeding bag and should be lowered to the bottom of the pond or feed can be dispersed at the corners of the pond feeding rate is 5 to 6 % of the body weight up to 500 gram size of fish and then reduce to 3.5% of body weight from 500 to 1000 gram size.

13. Organic manuring should be done in monthly installments @ 1000 kg/ha where as inorganic fertilization should be done at monthly intervals alternating with organic manuring.    Rate of fertilization will depends on the pond productivity & the growth rate of the fish . MANURING : Continue…

14. HARVESTING AND YIELD IN COMPOSITE FISH CULTURE Fish can be harvested at the end of first year, when the fishes attain average weight of 500 grams to 1.50 kg . With proper management and care a production of 4 to 6 tons/ha can be achieved in a year.  Harvesting is done by partial de-watering and repeated netting.

15. REFERENCE FAO , 2014 HANDBOOK ON FISHERIES , 2012 Aquaculture Production Systems – Edited by james H. Tidwell. www.fao.org /../general metodology for composite fish culture.htm

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