COMPOSTING AND VERMICULTURE, BENEFITS, COMPOSTING TECHNIQUES

Presentation gives insights about
Compositing, benefits
Composting techniques
Vermiculture
Vermicomposting
Economic importance

1. - BHARATHIAR UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY

G © M POSTING
A N D

I G U iL

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
Dr. M. GNANADESIGAN SABARIDARAN.B
Assistant Professor IM. Sc. Microbiology

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2. SAVE ENVIRONMENT
CONTENT TODAY

© Composting
© Vermiculture
© Advantages and Applications

Le = © References

es

3. COMPOSTING e

Composting is the natural process of recycling
organic matter, such as leaves and food scraps,
into a valuable fertilizer that can enrich soil and
plants.

Anything that grows decomposes eventually;
composting simply speeds up the process by
providing an ideal environment for bacteria, fungi,
and other decomposing organisms (such as
worms, sowbugs, and nematodes) to do their
work.

The resulting decomposed matter, which often
ends up looking like fertile garden soil, is called
compost. Fondly referred to by farmers as “black
gold,” compost is rich in nutrients and can be used
for gardening, horticulture, and agriculture.

4. y

© Composting reduces landfill
allowing biodegradable materials to breakdown naturally

o Organic materials in landfill produce toxins

P when air cannot reach the biodegradable waste

e Organics broken down above ground
turn into productive fertiliser

© Composting saves money on landfill
” costs & chemical fertiliser

o Composting saves the planet by
utilizing its natural resources

5. aterial required for Composting

What to compost?

The best compost is produced from a green (source of nitrogen) and
brown (source of carbon) waste. Apply to your compost bin or heap in
layers with a sprinkle of Garotta on each layer,
Farm refus
+ Weeds + Cow dung + Night soi
+ Stubbles bhusa + Buffalo dung + Street retuse
+ Crop residues + Poultry dung + Municipal tuse

+ Remnents of
fodder

6. A COMPOST RECIPE TO

FEED YOUR SOIL.

7. BENEFITS OF COMPOSTING

Compost helps strengthens soil's Composting helps divert material:

ability to retain water. This causes from going to the landfills

plants to not need to be watered
as frequently

minimizing the amount of

‘greenhouse gas emissions releasd
into the atmosphere and
REDU lengthening the capacity of landfill
Erosion occurs when top soil is blown

or washed away causing infertile REDUCES NEED FOR
topsoil. Compost can restore topsoil
and build stable soil structure.

S SOIL EROSION

S
Compost sufficiently supplies soil wi

nutrients like phosphorus and
nitrogen. This reduces the need fo
additional fertizlier because compo:

naturally provides the necessai
— Carbon is stored in the top 3 feet of y ny

3 nutrients for the soil
soil and is released into the

atmosphere when soil structure is |
} poor. Applied compost helps improve IFSC #
soil structure to combat against this. ‘ PS

8. Mesophilic stage phone ps Maturing Stage
(a few days) a (several months)

This is the early stage, 5 The dangerous - > A
microorganisms are killed The microorganisms
where microorganisms E ze
indade back by competition with heat-
ES loving organisms. The heat => until the
ases because the food suppl

decompose the mate:
xhaust their

producing a
alled humus,

protozoa, F
increa
actinomycete: ‘ A
Sir microorganisms break substance
grow. Some of these, 3 A
down the waste's compl the desired organic
however, are disease- 3 4
i > compounds into b: material for agricultural
causing pathogens that p
molecules, releasing purpos

harm humans and plants.
energy.

9. = COMPOSTING
TECHNIQUES

10. VARIOUS METHODS OF COMPOSTING

— bis

Japanese
Method

Phospho-
Composting

Accelerated
Composting

Bangalore
Method

Indore
Method

NADEP
Method

Windrow
Composting

Coimbatore
method

11. INDORE COMPOSTING METHOD

CARBON : NITROGEN (10 : 1)

COW DUNG SLURRY

AUTORS SIR ON TES ASH ( SPRINKLE HANDFUL)

rom eur MANURE e “e URINE EARTH
(oR (HANDFUL
SPRINKLING)

12. AERATED STATIC PILE METHOD

Negative pressure
(suction)

over layer of /
inished compost

Well-mixed ~
raw material
Porous base Perforated pit

Con trap Odour filter pile of NADEP METHOD

screened compost

13. Aerobic Composting Process
Bio-Degradable Waste

Reduction of sizes by using Pulverizer or Chopper

Y

Forming peer

Turning the windrows initially for every 5 days and once in 10 days after 20 ,
days by using Turner

Maintaining temperature at 50°C to 60°C.
Y
Maintaining the Windrows with 50% to 60% Moisture.
(ns iain the Windows mh 50% 160% Méstre WWINDROW COMPOSTING
Transferring the Riped Compost by Conveyor for sieving to the size of 5 mm by
using Mechanical Siever

Sieved Compost as Bio-manure

Process flow in windrow composting

14. Bangalore Method of Composting
UT a

16. VERMICULTURE

17. Vermiculture - the culture of
worms

Vermicomposting - the use of worms
for composting organic materials.

Vermicompost - the product of
vermicomposting containing worm
castings, bedding materials as well as
organic matter in various stages of
decomposition.

Vermiculturist - the Worm Man ora
person who farms, breeds and cares
or WORMS. eg A professional WORM
farmer is called Vermiculturist.

E Anatomy

18. Different species of Earthworms used
in Vermiculture

\ burrowing worms that come to
the surface at night

Methods used in Vermiculture

i feed on the organic matter M" water Fest
present in the soil so they rarely come to the surface.
Casting ES Egg Worms
c live in the surface litter and feed Comines |
on decaying organic matter. These are responsible for... E=n Kae
decomposing the material and are used in vermicomposting.
a) — feed on plant litter, organic matter and
mammalian dung near the soil surface.

b) - ingest large quantities of organically rich soil
ath the soil surface.
a

19. EXPECTED EARTHWORM PRODUCTION

VERMICOMPOST

4. Ave. wtof breeder earthworm
2. Ave. number (perkg)
3. Earthworm mating schedule
4. No. of eggs per capsule
5. Expected mating/product/month
Initial: 1000 breeders
x5 eggs/capsule
x 50% hatching
x 50% survival
x4wks. or 1 mo.
x24wks. Or 6 mos.
Computation:

5000/mo. X 6 mos. = 30000 babies

“the initial 5000 babies will then
breeders atthe end of 6 mos.
6. Total Production (TP)

‘Computation:

TP = Initial worms * babies in 6 mos+

breeders in 6 mos.
= 1000+ 30000 + 5000
= 36000

7. Current Price:
8. Expected Income (El):

‘Computation:

Estimated wt. for 36000 worms: 36 kg

El = 36kgxPhp500%g
= Php 18000.00

1.0-1.5gms
1000 worms
Once a week

3-5 eggs/capsule

5000 eggs
2500 babies
1250 babies/wk
5000 babies/month
30000 babies &
5000 breeders

36000 worms

Php 500.00/kg
Php 18,000.00

20. ORed worms (Lumbricus rubellus)

Eathworms

Medium sized

Cannot survive in ordinary garden and farm soils
Can thrive well in manure piles and compost heaps
Very useful in indoor culture because time required

for composting is less
Turning the heap is not required

.

Medium sized

Attack compost heaps and manure piles from the
bottom

Mix and turn the earth with organic matter and then
retreat to the soil

Cannot thrive in active compost and killed more
easily than red and brandling worms

Reproduction rate very high and fast

21. OBrandling worms (Eisenia foetida & ©. andre‘)

+ Large sized

+ Attack manure piles and compost heaps from the
bottom and then retreat into the soil

* Prefer cool soil therefore do not enter compost and
manure piles

= + If they are forced to live in active compost they will
die and melt

Medium - large sized Eisenia fetidia&Eisenia andrei
High growth and reproductive rate
Used as a fish bait

Can produce about 400kg N rich compost per
hectare per year

22. OPheretima

* Common large sized earthworms

* Most common species in India is Pheretima
posthuma

+ Their requirements are similar to those of night
crawlers and field worms

+ They are soil living species

Movable pen

Simple bin

Lebigh-type bin

Brick bin Cage type bin

23. Fig: 17.7 : Diagram showing how the different species of earthworms place
themselves in different layers of an indore heap

24. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
OF VERMICULTURE

25. ADVANTAGES OF 8
VERMICULTURE

Easy to perform and does not require expense
sophisticated equipments.

Eco-friendly and socially cum economically viable
innovative technology.

Bring waste-lands under cultivation.
Responsible for improved seed germination,
enhanced seedling growth, development and

increased plant productivity.

Used to convert municipal and industrial solid
organic wastes into organic fertilizer.

26. REFERENCE

https://www.slideshare.net/RituSh2/compo
st-250158700

https://www.slideshare.net/MadhuraMuka
dam/vermiculture-243341835

https://byjus.com/biology/vermiculture/
https://agri.and.nic.in/vermi_culture.htm

Images were taken from google web,
internet

https://www.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/com
posting-of-calotropis-gigantea-leaves-in-
presence-of-sheep-dung

28. y

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