Compound and complex sentences in English

Compound and complex sentences in English

1. Compound and
Complex
sentences in
English.
SULLY
RODRIGUEZ
YENNY CADENA

2. Clasification of sentences in
English

3. SIMPLE SENTENCE
Also called an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE.
Contains a SUBJECT, PREDICATE, and EXPRESSES
a COMPLETE THOUGHT.
Some students like to study in the mornings.
Algunos estudiantes les gusta estudiar en las
mañanas.
Mi hermano juega fútbol cada tarde.

4. A compound sentence is a sentence
that contains two clauses or complete
ideas that are related. These two
clauses are usually connected in a
compound sentence by a conjunction.

7. For instance:
Batman is a hero. He is successful in catching the
criminals in his city.
Batman es un héroe. Él tiene éxito en la captura de los delincuentes
en su ciudad.
Batman is a hero, and he is successful in catching
the criminals in his city.
Batman es un héroe, y él tiene éxito en la captura de los
delincuentes en su ciudad.

8. Rabbits make good pets, for they don’t make too much noise and
they are clean.
Los conejos son buenas mascotas, ya que ellos no hacen demasiado
ruido y son limpios.
You could cry like a baby, or you can clean your room like an adult.
Podrías llorar como un bebé, o puedes limpiar tu habitación como
un adulto.
I need to go to the store, but I’m feeling too sick to drive.
Tengo que ir a la tienda, pero me siento demasiado enfermo para
conducir.
I wanted to buy a baby Chihuahua, so I started to save my money.
Yo quería comprar un bebé Chihuahua , así que empecé ahorrar mi
dinero.

9. IT´S YOUR TURN:
1.I have never visited Asia,
____ have I visited Africa.
2.I didn’t do my homework,
___ my parents punished
me.
3.You can make a big
poster, ____ you can
make a little clay statue.
4. I want to own my own
company, ____ I want to
pay all my workers a lot
of money.
5.The black dog has won
many prizes, _____ he
doesn’t know many tricks.
1.Nunca he visitado Asia,
tampoco he visitado África.
2.Yo no hice mi tarea, por lo
tanto mis padres me
castigaron.
3.Usted puede hacer un cartel
, o puede hacer una
estatua de barro.
4.  Quiero ser dueño de mi
propia empresa, y quiero
pagar a todos mis
trabajadores mucho dinero.
5.El perro negro ha ganado
muchos premios, pero no
sabe muchos trucos.

BUT OR NOR SO AND

10. CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
A conjunctive adverb can join two independent
clauses . In this situation, the conjunctive
adverb behaves like a coordinating conjunction,
connecting two complete ideas. Notice,
however, that you need a  semicolon , not a
comma, to connect the two clauses.
MAIN CLAUSE + ; + conjunctive adverb + , + MAIN
CLAUSE.

11. This special kind of conjunction is called
an adverbial conjunction because it is
part adverb and part conjunction.


-however (Sin embargo)
-moreover ( Además)
- nevertheless (No obstante)
-therefore (Por tanto)
Adverbial conjunctions:

12. EXAMPLES:
 My cat washes herself every
day; however, she still has a
funny smell.
 He received an A on his
exam; moreover, the
instructor exempted him from
the final.
He rarely seems to study;
nevertheless, he always gets
A’s.
Mi gato se lava todos los
días, sin embargo, ella
todavía tiene un olor raro.
   Él recibió una A en su
examen , además, el
instructor lo eximió del final.
Él rara vez se ve estudiar,
sin embargo, él siempre
obtiene Aes .

13. NOTE:
Kelsey se ha beneficiado de su
ejercicio de escritura; ella tiene
buena gramática y puntuación.
Eliana pone atención en
clase; ella toma abundantes
notas.

14. COMPLEX SENTENCES IN
ENGLISH
Complex sentence has an independent
clause (that can stand by itself)
joined by one or more dependent
clauses (which cannot stand by
itself). They describe more than
one thing or idea and have more
than one verb in them.

15. For example:

16. An independent clause can stand alone as a
sentence, beginning with a capital letter and
ending with terminal punctuation such as a period.
I like to go to the store.
Me gusta ir a la tienda.
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE

17. DEPENDENT CLAUSE

18. For instance:
Since much time has elapsed, she remained at
home.
Dado que ha transcurrido mucho tiempo, ella se
quedó en casa.

19. Correctly attach a dependent clause to
independent clause.
Dependent clause-Independent clause
When you attach a dependent clause in front of  an
independent clause, use a comma, like this:

Dependent clause + , + independent clause.
 Even though the broccoli was covered in cheddar cheese,
Emily refused to eat it.
A pesar de que el brócoli estaba cubierto de queso cheddar,
Emily se negó a comerlo.

20. 
Independent clause-Dependent clause.
When you attach a dependent clause at the end of an
independent clause, you will generally use no
punctuation, like this:
Independent clause + Ø + dependent clause.
John spent his class time reading comic books Ø since his
average was a 45 one week before final exams.
John gastó su tiempo de la clase leyendo libros de cómics Ø ya
que su promedio fue de 45 una semana antes de los exámenes
finales.

21. NOTE
Te he amado por años, aunque
nunca lo admití.

22. Noun clause
I know that Latin is no longer spoken as a native
language.
Yo sé que el Latín ya no es hablado como lengua
nativa.
Noun
I know Latin. ( Yo sé Latín.)
TYPES OF DEPENDENT CLAUSES

23. Noun clauses have the following uses:
1) Subject:
What he said made me furious.
Lo que él dijo me hizo enfurecer.
2) Subject complement:
The truth was that the moving company lost all your
furniture.
La verdad fue que la compañía de mudanzas perdió
todos sus muebles.

Como el obtiene su dinero no es nuestro
problema
Eso es lo que él realmente necesita.

24. 3) Object complement
I have often declared the problem that most
students do not understand grammar.
He frecuentemente declarado el problema de que la
mayoría de los alumnos no entienden gramática.
4) Object of a preposition
Mary is not responsible for what Billy did.
Mary no es responsable por lo que hizo Billy.
Algunas personas creen en cualquier cosa que las
organizaciones religiosas les dicen.
Los puedes llamar cuando quieras.

25. 5)Adjective complement:
Everybody is sad that Billy drowned.
Todos están tristes porque Billy se ahogó.
6)Direct object:
Tell me what you intend to do.
Cuéntame que intentas hacer.
7) Indirect object:
He gave whoever came to the door a winning smile.
Dio quien llegó a la puerta una sonrisa ganadora.
.
Me alegro de que estés estudiando cláusulas nominales.
El consejero ha estado preguntando si ella eligió la carrera de
derecho
Le dimos a quien quería un formulario de solicitud.

26. Adjective clause
An adjective clause is a dependent clause that
modifies a noun or pronoun. The common
connective words used to introduce adjective
clauses are:
Relatives pronouns
that el que, la que, los que, las que, lo que
who quien, quienes
which el cual, la cual, los cuales, las cuales, lo
cual
whom a quien, a quienes
whosede quien, de quienes, cuyo, cuya, cuyos,
cuyas
whatlo que, lo cual

27. Consider the following examples:
Adjective
The blue coat. (El abrigo azul)
Adjective clause
The coat which I bought yesterday is
blue .
El abrigo que yo compré ayer es azul.

28. Adjective clauses can either be
 Restrictive ( Essential)
 Non-restrictive (Nonessential)
Restrictive
It adds important information about a certain person
or thing.
For instance:
A person who loves to read will never be lonely.
Una persona que ama leer nunca estará sola.
Note:
The underlined information
is essential in describing
a particular person

29. Non-Rectrictive.
It adds information about the word it modifies, but it
is not essential to the complete meaning of the
sentence.
For instance:
Thomas Jefferson, who was born on the frontier,
became President.

Thomas Jefferson, quien nació en la frontera, se
convirtió en presidente.

Note:
The name Thomas Jefferson
identifies who became
president, so the bold clause
is not essential.

30. Adjectives clauses may modify:
1)The subject:
Those who see the Englishman only in town, are
apt to form an unfavorable opinion of his social
character.
Aquellos que ven los Ingleses sólo en la ciudad, tienden
a formarse una opinión desfavorable de su carácter
social.
El doctor que vino ayer es mi primo.

31. 2)The object of a verb:
Exercise programs that reputable health
organizations promote consider factors such as age
and medical conditions in their recommendations.
Los programas de ejercicio que las organizaciones
acreditadas de salud promueven consideran factores
como la edad y condiciones médicas en sus
recomendaciones.
3) Object of a preposition:

Diet programs which we read about in popular
magazines often have no medical authority behind
them.
Programas de dieta que leemos en las revistas
populares a menudo no tienen ninguna autoridad
médica detrás de ellos.

32. ADVERB CLAUSES
An adverb clause is a dependent clause which takes the
place of an adverb in another clause or phrase.
Note how an adverb clause can replace an adverb in
the following example:
•Adverb
The premier gave a speech here.
El primer ministro pronunció un discurso aquí.

•Adverb clause
The premier gave a speech where the workers were
striking.
El primer ministro pronunció un discurso donde los
trabajadores estaban en huelga.

33. Adverb clauses are of the following kinds
of time: after, before, as soon as, since, until,
when, whenever, while, as.
We were all surprised when the new professor
arrived.
Todos fuimos sorprendidos cuando el nuevo profesor
llego.
of place: where, wherever.
Wherever there are computers, there is Microsoft
software.
Donde sea que haya computadores, hay software
Microsoft.

34. of reason or cause: because, since, so that, in
order that, why.
I didn't call her because I'm shy.
Yo no la llamé porque soy tímido.
of manner: As, as if, as though.
He treats me as if I´m a stranger.
Él me trata como si yo fuera un extraño.

35. of degree or comparison: so…as, than, as…as.
They all become wiser than they were.
Todos ellos llegan a ser mas sabios de lo que fueron.
of purpose: So that, in order that.
She took a computer course so that she could get a
better job.
Ella tomó un curso de informática para poder conseguir
un trabajo mejor.

36. of result or consequence: So…that, Such…that.
This book is so interesting that I can´t stop reading
it.
Este libro es tan interesante que no puedo para de leer
lo.
of condition: if, unless, until, in case, provided that,
assuming that, even if.
If you save your money, you will be able to go to
college.
Si ahorras dinero, podrás ir a la universidad.

37. of concession: although, though, even
though, while.
Although George has a Master's degree ,
he works as a store clerk.

Aunque George tiene una maestría, trabaja
como empleado de la tienda.

39. Activity

44. BIBLIOGRAFY
Leech, Geoffrey and Jan Stvartui. 1994. A Communactive
Grammar of Engligh.Longman.Essex.

Quirk , Randolph. 1985. A Comprehensive grammar of the
English language. Longman. London and New York.

Murar, Iona, Ana-maria Trantescu and Claudia Pisoschi.
2011.English Sintax. Compound and Complex
Sentences.Craiova. Editura Universitaria
Referencias:
 http://www.eslbee.com/sentences.htm
http://www.slideshare.net/jordanlachance/1-a-class-2-four-types-of-sentences
http://www.riohondo.edu/commlang/workshop/Adverbial%20Conjunctions.pdf
http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/coordinatingconjunction.htm