Comprehensive Guide to Volumetric Analysis: Techniques, Calculations, and Applications in Analytical Chemistry.pptx

describes the overview of volumetric analysis technique

1. Volumetric Analysis

2. Definition Volumetric analysis is a quantitative analytical method which is used widely. As the name suggests, this method involves measurement of the volume of a solution whose concentration is known and applied to determine the concentration of the analyte. In other words, measuring the volume of a second substance that combines with the first in known proportions is known as Volumetric analysis or titration. It is this method of quantitative analysis that allows us to determine the concentration of the analyte. The first method of Volumetric Analysis was devised and found by the French chemist Jean-Baptiste-Andre-Dumas; as he was trying to determine the proportion of nitrogen combined with other elements in organic compounds. To ensure the conversion of the nitrogen compound into pure gas, the nitrogen compound was burnt in a furnace and passed along a furnace in a stream of carbon dioxide that is passed into a strong alkali solution. The mass of the nitrogen is calculated and occupies under known conditions of pressure and volume from the sample.

3. Volumetric Analysis is the method in which the concentration of a substance in a solution is estimated by adding the same number of compounds of another substance present in a solution of known concentration. Volumetric Analysis is also known as Titration. The titrant is the component whose solution is used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution. The component whose concentration is to be estimated is known as titrate. Titrimetric analysis is another name for volumetric analysis.

4. TYPES OF TITRATION

5. Titration is a category of volumetric analysis. Volumetric analysis methods involve titrations. However, the term titration is used when volumetric analysis is used to determine concentration of an unknown component in a solution.  1. Simple Titration Simple titration is used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution using the concentration of another known solution. Simple titration can be further divided into four categories: Acid-base Redox Precipitation Complexometric

6. 2. Back Titration Back titration determines the concentration of an analyte by reacting it with a known amount of excess reagent, whereas a direct titration examines the concentration of an unknown chemical directly. Excess reagents are not added in back titrations. Back titration is also known as indirect titration. Example: Where is the method of Back Titration used? Solution:  Back titration is applied to acid-base titrations. One of the major examples of the usage of Back Titration is the determination of   acetylsalicylic acid in aspirin.

7. 3. Double Titrations Double titration is used to determine the amount of substance present in the form of a solution with another solution. Gilson's titration method for estimating the concentration of organometallic compounds in hydrocarbon solvents is also known as double titration. The overall concentration of the base in the solution is determined in the first stage. The residual amount of alkali after the  organometallic compound  reacts with the  halide  is determined in the second stage, allowing the concentration of the metal-organic compound to be calculated.

8. Principle of Volumetric Analysis The principle of this method is based on the following key points: An unknown number of chemical substances that need to be examined must be present in the solution. Reagents with unknown concentrations should react with the chemical substance of an unknown amount in the presence of an indicator (phenolphthalein) to show the endpoint. The reaction between the reagent and the solution undergoes titration. The overall amount of reagent is shown by the volume and concentration of the reagent used in the titration.

9. APPLICATIONS

10. Applications of Volumetric Analysis Some main applications of this experiment are It is a quantitative method widely applied for knowing the amount of substance by examining the volume that it occupies. It is also used to know the nitrogen proportions in organic chemicals. The textile industry has the very important application of volumetric analysis to know the actual concentration of bleaching agents used. It is used to know the concentration of chemical substances. It is used in the case of bleaching to examine the bleaching agents involved. It is used in laboratories to analyse various  chemical reactions .

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