Computer's OPERATING SYSTEMS.pdf

as we know computer is made off Application and Operationg system. in these chapter we dive in the Os

1. OPERATING SYSTEMS

2. ●An operating system (OS) is system software that
manages computer hardware, software resources, and
provides common services for computer programs.

●It acts as an intermediary between users and the
computer hardware.

●Key functions of an operating system include managing
hardware and software resources, providing a user
interface, and executing and providing services for
application software.

3. Functions of an OS
Process Management: Manages the execution of processes, multitasking, and
resource allocation.
Memory Management: Handles allocation and deallocation of memory space as
needed by programs.
File System Management: Manages files on storage devices, including reading,
writing, and organizing files.
Device Management: Controls hardware devices and drivers.
Security and Access Control: Protects data and resources from unauthorized
access.

4. TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS
●Batch Operating Systems- Executes jobs in batches without user
interaction.
●Time-Sharing Operating Systems - Allows multiple users to use the system
simultaneously by sharing time.
●Distributed Operating Systems - Manages a group of distinct computers
and makes them appear as a single computer.
●Embedded Operating Systems - Designed for embedded systems and
dedicated devices.
●Real-Time Operating Systems - Provides immediate processing and
response times for real-time applications.

5. Components of OS
Kernel: Core part of the OS, managing system resources and communication
between hardware and software.
Shell: Interface for users to interact with the OS, either through command-line or
graphical interfaces.
File System: Manages files and directories, providing an organized way to store
and retrieve data.
Device Drivers: Software that controls hardware devices, enabling the OS to
communicate with them.

6. Examples of OS
Windows: Developed by Microsoft, commonly used in personal computers.
macOS: Developed by Apple, used in Mac computers.
Linux: Open-source OS used in various devices, known for its flexibility and
security.
Android: Developed by Google, used in smartphones and tablets.
iOS: Developed by Apple, used in iPhones and iPads.

7. The evolution of OS
Early Systems: Basic, single-tasking systems.
Development of Multitasking: Introduction of time-sharing systems in the
1960s.
Personal Computers: Rise of user-friendly OS like MS-DOS, Windows, and
macOS in the 1980s and 1990s.
Modern Systems: Advanced features like GUI, security enhancements, and
support for various devices.

8. Comparison of Popular Operating Systems


features Windows macOS Linux
User Interface Graphical,
user-friendly
Graphical, sleek
design
Varies, customizable
Security Frequent updates,
built-in AV
Strong security, less
targeted
Strong security, less
targeted
Flexibility Limited
customization
Limited
customization
Highly customizable
Usage Personal and
business use
Creative
professionals
Servers, developers,
desktops

9. The importance of OS
User Interface: Provides an easy way for users to interact with the
computer.
Resource Management: Efficiently manages hardware and software
resources.
Security: Protects data and system integrity.
Application Support: Provides a platform for running applications.

10. SUMMARY
An operating system is essential software that manages hardware and software
resources.
It performs key functions such as process management, memory management,
file system management, and device management.
There are various types of operating systems, each suited for different tasks and
devices.
Popular operating systems include Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, and iOS.

11. QUESTIONS AND DISCUSSIONS