Computer architecture and organization.pptx

CAO

1. Concept of Computer Architecture and Organization Computer Organization and Architecture is the study of internal working, structuring and implementation of a computer system. Architecture :- in computer system, same as anywhere else, refers to the externally visual attributes of the system. Externally visual attributes, here in computer science, mean the way a system is visible to the logic of programs (not the human eyes!). In more general language, Architecture of computer system can be considered as a catalog of tools available for any operator using the system Organization:- of computer system is the way of practical implementation which results in realization of architectural specifications of a computer system. Simply Organization will be the way the system is structured so that all those cataloged tools can be used, and that in an efficient fashion.

2. Architecture Vs. Organization Computer Architecture Computer Organization It refers to those attributes of a system visible to the programmer It refers to the Implementation of these features is mostly not known to the user Instruction set, Number of bits used for data representation, Addressing Modes etc. form the computer architecture Control signal, interface, memory technology etc. form the part of computer organization e.g. there is multiple instruction e.g. there is dedicated hardware to multiply All Intel 80x86 microprocessors share same basic architecture All Intel 80x86 microprocessors differ in their organization

3. Architecture Vs. Organization Computer Architecture Computer Organization Computer Architecture is concerned with the way hardware components are connected together to form a computer system. Computer Organization is concerned with the structure and behaviour of a computer system as seen by the user. It acts as the interface between hardware and software. It deals with the components of a connection in a system. Computer Architecture helps us to understand the functionalities of a system. Computer Organization tells us how exactly all the units in the system are arranged and interconnected. A programmer can view architecture in terms of instructions, addressing modes and registers. Whereas Organization expresses the realization of architecture. While designing a computer system architecture is considered first. An organization is done on the basis of architecture. Computer Architecture deals with high-level design issues. Computer Organization deals with low-level design issues. Architecture involves Logic (Instruction sets, Addressing modes, Data types, Cache optimization) Organization involves Physical Components (Circuit design, Adders, Signals, Peripherals)

4. Fundamental Units of Computer

5. Input Devices:- This devices are used to enter the data raw material needed for the processing to give output .

6. Input Devices

7. Output Devices:- This are the devices used to display or give output which is processed by computer. The processing is on the data provided by input devices by CPU or microprocessor.

8. Output Devices

9. Functional Units of Computer Stucture and Function Registers CPU

10. Central Processing Unit (Microprocessor 8085)

11. Control Unit The  control unit  (CU) is a component of a computer's central processing  unit  (CPU) that directs the operation of the processor. It tells the computer's memory, arithmetic and logic  unit  and input and output devices how to respond to the instructions that have been sent to the processor. Control unit  generates timing and  control  signals for the operations of the computer. The  control unit  communicates with ALU and main memory. It also  controls  the transmission between processor, memory and the various peripherals. It also instructs the ALU which operation has to be performed on data.

12. Registers Registers:-  are a type of computer memory used to quickly accept, store, and transfer data. Types of Registers :- Accumulator (8bit) General Purpose registers (B,C,D,E,H,L) (8bit) Program Counter (PC)(16bit) Stack Pointer (SP) (16bit) Instruction Register/ Temporary Reg.

13. Computer Interconnection

14. LDA 2500H