Computer Assisted Instruction( Anjali Reghu).pdf

Assignment on "Computer Assisted Instruction "

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COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION

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INTRODUCTION

Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) is a modern instructional strategy that makes use of
computers to support teaching and learning. It provides learners with an interactive
environment where they can access instructional material, practice exercises, and receive
immediate feedback. Unlike traditional teaching, CAI is learner-controlled, individualized,
and self-instructional, allowing students to progress at their own pace and according to their
abilities.

The concept of CAI was first introduced through the PLATO project by Professor Donald
Bitzer in 1959. Since then, it has expanded widely with advancements in technology,
incorporating hardware, software, and courseware. CAI offers multiple modes such as
tutorials, drills, simulations, and educational games, which make learning more interesting
and effective while also reducing the burden on teachers.

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COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION

Computer one of the finest gifts of science and technology has touched all walks of our life
including education. In the field of education too, it is used not only for managing things but
in actual teaching also. Instructional work carried out with the help of computers is known as
Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI). Professor Donald Bitzer of University of Illinois
conceived a project entitled PLATO (Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching
Operations) for CAI in the year 1959 for the first time. It is a learner controlled instruction
which is highly individualized self-instructional method. CAI is a natural outgrowth of the
application of the principles of Programmed learning
Definition:CAI is a method of instruction in which there is a purposeful interaction between
a learner and computer device (having useful instructional material as software) for helping
the learner to learn at his own pace and abilities, to achieve desired instructional objectives.

Basic Assumptions of CAI:
1. Instruction for a large number of learners at a time- CAI can serve at a time
thousands of the learners in an individualized way. It can provide instruction in a
subject according to the need and interest of the learner.
2. Automatic recording of the learners performance– CAI records the performance of
the students at each step successfully and accurately. Such timely and proper auto
recording helps in further planning of instruction for the learner.
3. Variety in the use of methods and techniques- CAI assumes that every learner
cannot be benefited through a single method and all subjects or topics cannot be
presented in a single method. So a wide variety of methods and approaches for
imparting instruction in a particular topic has to chosen according to the need and
interest of the learner.
The three technologies of CAI:
1. : the machine. Hardware
2. Software:the program.
3. : the instructional material and methods of instruction Courseware

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Types or modes of CAI:
1.Informational CAI
 This type of CAI helps the learner to get the desired information needed by
him.
 It provides minimal interaction between the learner and the computer.
2.Drill and Practice Mode
 This type of CAI provides the learner different types of drill and practices on a
particular topic already learned in some other way.
 In its advanced programmes there will be provision for selecting problems of
varying difficulty level on the basis of the students earlier sessions and
therefore will very effective
3. Tutorial Mode
 In such type of CAI the computers engage in actual teaching. Here the
computer becomes a tutor with perfect interaction and dialogue with the
students.
4.Educational Games
 Here the learner is provided with a variety of well designed computer games
to provide intellectual challenge, stimulation of curiosity and to motivate the
individual learner.
 It can be used as a source of review or reward for learning.
5.Simulation Mode
 In this mode with carefully prepared programmes students are made to face
real or idealized situations to provide training for the students. Such types of
instructional activities are powerful learning tools in which the students have
an active role and take proper decisions.
 It is less expensive and less dangerous.
6. Problem Solving Type CAI (Discovery Mode)
 Here the process of finding the answer to a problem rather than the answer
itself is given more importance. Such CAI programmes make them think
about the ways and means of solving the problem systematically.
7.Practical Work Oriented Instruction
 CAI programmes can be used to supplement laboratory and other practical
work.

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 A student can learn about science experiments before actually performing the
experiment or about those experiments that are dangerous to be performed in a
laboratory.
Steps in the construction of CAI:
1. - Topic, Length, Student’s needs, Availability of Programme etc. Preparation
2.Writing the Programme
3. Content editing, technical accuracy, logical etc. Editing the Programme -
4.Testing.
5.Try-Outs.
Advantages of CAI:
Learner can learn at his own will and pace, in his own style and ways.
Learner learns by himself (self-learning)
Learning experiences is in tune with the experiences and ability of the learner.
A variety of learning experiences is provided to the learner.
A large number of students get auto-individualized instruction.
Immediate feedback and reinforcement is provided.
The students’ progress is checked continuously
The student has to actively respond as he receives instruction.
The computer can be programmed to interact meaningfully with the students.
Students are highly motivated to learn and create interest in them.
The units are presented in small elements in accordance with skinner’s approach of
teaching in small steps.
Through drill and practice exercises through a computer the students can attain
mastery over the subject matter.
The graphics and the multimedia oriented software’s has very high audio-visual
appeal that will capture students attention easily.
Computers enable in faster and easier communication.
Computer and its peripheral parts are easily portable.

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Limitations of CAI:
Highly expensive and uneconomical.
Unavailability and usability of educational software's.
. Servicing of hardware causes problems.
Children might damage the machine.
Failure of hardware and software poses problems.
Difficult to be accommodated in schools in present set-up.
Excessive use of computers will deny access to the teacher.
CAI dehumanizes man.
Unmanageable information for the students. The validity of information may not be
considered by the students.
Use of internet my lead to cyber sloth (regarding www as the sole source of
information) and plagiarism (stealing online information).
Use of computers in education
1.For the teacher
To provide instruction individually, increase efficiency in teaching, used us an audio-
visual aid in teaching, helps in computing data, generating graphs, helps in storing and
retrieving large information, writing reports, letters etc., in evaluating students and
giving guidance for the students etc.
2. For the learner
Helps in self-learning, helps in doing assignments, projects, submission of reports, in
computation, in preparation of presentations, access to internet, for recreational
purposes, for research work etc.
3.For Administrational purposes
For keeping and maintaining records of students, tabulation of results, attendance etc.,
time table preparation, in library and cataloging, website of the institution,
communicating with other institutions, preparation of reports, drafting of letters,
scheduling daily activities, evaluation of students, statistical analysis of data and
graphical representation of data.

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Conclusion

In today’s digital age, CAI has become a significant tool in education, enhancing both
teaching and learning. It not only motivates learners but also provides individualized
instruction, continuous evaluation, and a wide variety of learning experiences. By blending
technology with pedagogy, CAI makes learning more flexible, enjoyable, and result-oriented.

However, CAI also faces limitations such as high cost, software availability, and the risk of
over-dependence on technology. Despite these challenges, its advantages are far greater,
making it an essential part of modern classrooms. In the future, as technology advances
further, CAI will play an even more crucial role in making education more accessible and
effective for all learners.