Computer Hardware

Basic Computer Hardware

1. A SEMINAR ON COMPUTER HARDWARE & ASSAMBLYING B.EC

2. What is computer hardware? Computer hardware is the collection of physical parts of a computer system  Computer hardware is what you can physically touch . This includes the computer case, monitor, keyboard, and mouse. It also includes all the parts inside the computer case, such as the hard disk drive, motherboard, video card, and many others

3. Components of Hardware MOTHER BOARD PROCESSOR HEAT SINK COOLER RAM SMPS HARD DISK POWER CABLES GRAPHICS CARD UPS MOUSE KEYBOARD MONITOR

4. MOTHERBOARD A motherboard is one of the most essential parts of a computer system.  It holds together many of the crucial components of a computer, including the central processing unit (CPU), memory and connectors for input and output devices.

5. Parts of a Motherboard A CPU socket - the actual CPU is directly soldered onto the socket. A power connector to distribute power to the CPU and other components. Slots for the system's RAM Several connectors, which provide the physical interface between input and output devices and the motherboard Slots for one or more hard drives to store files. A read-only memory (ROM) chip A slot for a video or graphics card Additional slots for connect other hardware

6. PROCESSOR The  central processing unit (CPU)  of a computer is a piece of hardware that carries out the instructions of a computer program. It performs the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of a computer system.  The CPU is sometimes also referred to as the central processor unit, or processor for short.

7. COMPONENTS PROCESSOR The first is the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs simple arithmetic and logical operations. Second is the control unit (CU), which manages the various components of the computer. Third is the cache, which serves as high-speed memory where instructions can be copied to and retrieved  Early CPUs consisted of many separate components, but since the 1970s, they have been constructed as a single integrated unit called a  microprocessor . This CPU is about two inches by two inches in size.

8. HEAT SINK A heat sink is a passive heat exchanger that transfers the heat generated by the CPU In computers, heat sinks are used to cool central processing units and also to cool graphics processors . Mostly cooler is attached with the heat sink

9. RAM RAM stands for  Random Access Memory RAM is used to store data and instructions temporarily.  Random access means that each individual  bytein entire memory can be access directly. A program must be loaded into RAM before execution. RAM is volatile memory. It means that its contents are lost when the power is turned off. RAM is read/write memory.

10. SMPS SMPS stands for switch-mode power supply It is used to converters AC to various DC voltage It has different DC output voltages betveen 5v to 12v  The SMPS convert the input AC voltage to a Set of fixed DC Voltage and supplies the necessary power to motherboard, disk drives and all expansion cards. Because of SMPS, Computer is called as an electronic device

11. Hard Disk The hard disk drive is the main, and usually largest, data storage  hardware device in a computer.  The operating system, software titles, and most other files are stored in the hard disk drive

12. POWER CABLES These cables are used to distribute electricity from the power supply to the motherboard and other components. Here we can see some types of power cables such as 1. ATX (24 or 20 PIN): Just like other components, motherboard requires power for successful operation. ATX ( Advanced Technology Extended)gives the power the motherboard.

13. cables 2. AUX(4 or 6 pin) : To allow for additional power supply to the motherboard for display purposes there may be also a 4-pin or 6-pin Auxilliary Power Connector (AUX) that connects the motherboard.

14. cables 3. SATA (15 pin) : 15 pin Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) power connectors are used to connect the hard disk drives, optical drives.

15. 4. MOLEX (4 pin) : 4 pin MOLEX power cable is used to give power to hard disk drives and optical drives that do not have SATA arrangements. cables

16. cables 5. BERG (4 pin) : 4-pin BERG power connector is used to power up the floppy disk drive.

17. GRAPHICS CARD The processing power of a graphics card or video card enables a computer to produce images in faster motion and better detail, a necessity for some computer games and video software.  A graphics card has its own processor, a GPU (graphical processing unit)

18. UPS  A device that provides battery backup when the electrical power fails or drops to an unacceptable voltage level. Small UPS systems provide power for a few minutes.

19. MOUSE A mouse is a handheld pointing device used to position a cursor on a computer screen. It points and click on icons, menus, command buttons or activates something on a computer. The  GUI  ( Graphical user interface ) of current applications and programs are user friendly and easier to navigate using computer mouse.

20. KEYBOARD A computer keyboard is defined as the set of typewriter-like keys that enables you to enter data into a computer The standard selection of keys can be classified as follows: Alphanumeric keys: The standard letters and numbers. Punctuation keys: The comma, period, semicolon, and similar keys. Special keys: This includes the function keys, control keys, arrow keys, caps Lock key, and so on The original PC keyboard, with 84 keys

21. MONITOR A display screen used to provide visual output from a computer  Computer monitors use CRT and LCD technology Software that monitors the progress of activities within a computer system