Computer Language

Everyone of us uses some language to make our action any sense , similarly the computer also has language system to pass message from one to another.

1. COMPUTER LANGUAGE

2. LANGUAGE LANGUAGE is a system of words or signs that people use to express thoughts and feelings to each other

3. COMPUTER LANGUAGE A computer languages are the language by which user command a computer to work on the algorithm which a user has written to get an output

4. TWO TYPES OF COMPUTER LANGUAGES .LOW-level languages .HIGH-level languages

5. LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE A low level programming language is a programming language that provides little or no abstraction from a computers instruction set architecture. It consist of numeric codes that is 0 and 1 . This codes are easily understandable to computer but difficult to human A low level language is used in two generations of computer .First generation .Second generation

6. First generation languages or 1 GL Represent the very early, primitive computer languages that consisted entirely of 1’s and 0’s –the actual language that the computer understands (machine language)

7. Second generation language or 2 GL Represent a step up from the first generation languages . Allow for the use of symbolic name instead of just numbers. Second generation languages are known as assembly languages .code written in an assembly language is converted into machine language(1GL).

8. HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE A high level language is a programming language design to simplify computer programming .high level source code contains easy to read syntax that is later converted into a low-level language ,which can be recognized and run by a specific CPU .most common programming languages are considered high level languages

9. Examples of high level language

10. 3rd GENERATION LANGUAGE A third generation( programming )language or 3GL is a grouping of programming languages that introduced significant enhancements to second generation languages , primarily intended to make the programming language more programmer – friendly Commonly known 3GLs are – 1. COBOL(COMMON BUSINESS ORIENTED LANGUAGE) 2. C++ 3 . JAVA 4.BASIC

11. 4 th GENERATION LANGUAGE A fourth generation programming language or 4GL is a grouping of programming languages that attempted to get closer than 3GLs to human languages, form of thinking and conceptualization . 44 4GLs are designed to reduce the overall time, effort and cost of software development . Some examples are: 1. database query language e.g. SQL(structure query language) 2. Focus 3.Metafont 4. PostScript

12. 5 th GENERATION LANGUAGE A fifth- generation programming language or 5GL is a programming language based on solving using constraints given to the program , rather than using an algorithm written by a programmer. Most constraint-based and logic programming languages and some other declarative languages are 5 th generation languages. EXAMPLE-PROLOG( PROgramming LOGic ) is an example of a logic programming language. OPS5 and Mercury are other examples of 5GL .

13. TRANSLATOR A program written in high level language is called source code .To convert the source code into machine code translator are needed . A translator takes a program written in source language as input and convert it into a program in target language as output. It also detect and reports the error during translation.

14. There are three types of translator

15. ASSEMBLER It is a translator which is used to translate the assembly language(2 nd generation) into machine language(1 st generation). ASSEMBLER Assembly language Machine language

16. INTERPRETER It is a translator which is used to convert program in high level language to low level language(1G) . It translates line by line and report the error, once it encounter during the translation process. Interpreter stops when a line of code is reached that contain an error. Source program Input INTERPRETER OUTPUT

17. COMPILER Compiler is a translator which is used to convert program in high level language to low level language. It translates the entire program and also reports the error . Source program COMPILER Target program Error message