Computer languages that are used in different generations

Languages and translators

1. Computer languages Ashwini K S

2. Introduction To explain the computer about how to perform a task, the computer programmer writes a set of instructions and it is called a program. Hence “ A set of instructions written to perform a particular task is called a program” “Process of writing the program is called programming” A set of programs written to instruct a computer is called the software. These programs are written in any computer language.

3. Types of computer languages

4. First generation language It is also known as binary or machine language. These binary languages are mostly based on 0&1. These languages are quite difficult to understand. To develop a program in first generation language is a complicated task. It is machine dependent language. It is also known as low level language ( lll ). The programs written on binary language get executed very fast.

5. Advantages and disadvantages Fast execution of program Uses less memory Difficult to debug Machine dependent Advantages Disadvantages

6. Second generation language These languages are also belong to the category of low level language ( lll ). Second generation language were also known as assembly language. The binary digits o&1 were replaced by some special codes known as Mnemonics eg :-sub = -, add=+,div=/, sav =save. This language is machine dependent language.

7. Advantages and disadvantages Uses English words. Easy to locate errors. Machine dependent Time consuming Advantages Disadvantages

8. Third generation languages They are also known as high level language (HLL). In this the commands written are in simple English language. Third generation language were portable. As the commands written are in simple language so special software were develop which are known as Language processor. For example:-LOGO, PASCAL,COBOL,JAVA etc….

9. features it is user friendly Machine independent Uses English words and mathematical operators.

10. Forth generation languages As 3 rd generation languages were based on certain syntax ,which a programmer has to follow during developing a program which is known as procedural language. To overcome from this problem fourth generation language were evolved. These programs were written in non-procedural way For example SQL, Wave, Python etc…

11. features Its more programmer friendly. Needs less efforts. Possess high speed execution Enhances the programming efficiency.

12. Fifth generation languages 5 th generation languages are advanced high level languages. These languages are used in AI research Here the language develops the program solution by itself. The program has to dictate the problem and how the solution should look like. These languages are still in development. Examples of 5GL are Prolog,OPS5 and Mercury.

13. translators

14. Assembler An assembler translates Assembly language program into machine language program. The program written in assembly language is called source code Converted program is called object code

15. compiler A compiler is a program that takes program written high level language and translates it into machine language. The action of translating the high-level programming language code is called  compiling . The computer takes the program written by user and first cheeks for mistakes. If there are mistakes , it will show them and then user has to correct all the mistakes. In computer language mistakes are called errors. If there are no mistakes/errors then it converts it into computer machine language in one attempt .

16. interpreter Interpreter is also a program which converts source program into machine code/object code. Interpreter method of conversion is different from compiler. It analyses the source program line by line . Here the a line of program is analysed, object code is created.