Computer Lecture 1

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OVERVIEW OF COMPUTER OVERVIEW OF COMPUTER
SYSTEMSSYSTEMS
Parts Of A Computer System.Parts Of A Computer System.
Looking Inside The Machine.Looking Inside The Machine.
Software: Bringing Machine To Life.Software: Bringing Machine To Life.

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PARTS OF A COMPUTERPARTS OF A COMPUTER
What is a computerWhat is a computer
HardwareHardware
SoftwareSoftware
Data Data
UsersUsers

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WHAT IS A COMPUTERWHAT IS A COMPUTER
A computer is an electronic device used to process data.A computer is an electronic device used to process data.
A computer can convert data into information that is A computer can convert data into information that is
useful to people.useful to people.
A complete computer system includes four distinct parts:A complete computer system includes four distinct parts:
HardwareHardware
SoftwareSoftware
DataData
UserUser

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HARDWAREHARDWARE
A computer's hardware consists of electronic devices; A computer's hardware consists of electronic devices;
the parts you can see and touch.the parts you can see and touch.
The term "device" refers to any piece of hardware used The term "device" refers to any piece of hardware used
by the computer, such as a keyboard, monitor, modem, by the computer, such as a keyboard, monitor, modem,
mouse, etc.mouse, etc.

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SOFTWARESOFTWARE
Software – also called programs – consists of organized Software – also called programs – consists of organized
sets of instructions for controlling the computer.sets of instructions for controlling the computer.
Some programs exist for the computer's use, to help it Some programs exist for the computer's use, to help it
manage its own tasks and devices. manage its own tasks and devices.
Other programs exist for the user, and enable the Other programs exist for the user, and enable the
computer to perform tasks for you, such as creating computer to perform tasks for you, such as creating
documents.documents.

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DATADATA
Data consists of raw facts, which the computer can Data consists of raw facts, which the computer can
manipulate and process into information that is useful to manipulate and process into information that is useful to
people. people.
Computerized data is digital, meaning that it has been Computerized data is digital, meaning that it has been
reduced to digits, or numbers. The computer stores and reduced to digits, or numbers. The computer stores and
reads all data as numbers.reads all data as numbers.
Although computers use data in digital form, they Although computers use data in digital form, they
convert data into forms that people can understand, convert data into forms that people can understand,
such as text, numerals, sounds, and images.such as text, numerals, sounds, and images.

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USERSUSERS
People are the computer's operators, or users. People are the computer's operators, or users.
Some types of computers can operate without much Some types of computers can operate without much
intervention from people, but personal computers are intervention from people, but personal computers are
designed specifically for use by people.designed specifically for use by people.

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TYPES OF COMPUTERSTYPES OF COMPUTERS
Supercomputers Supercomputers
Mainframe Computers Mainframe Computers
Minicomputers Minicomputers
Microcomputers, or Personal Computers Microcomputers, or Personal Computers

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SUPERCOMPUTERSSUPERCOMPUTERS
Supercomputers are the most powerful computers. They Supercomputers are the most powerful computers. They
are used for problems requiring complex calculations.are used for problems requiring complex calculations.
Because of their size and expense, supercomputers are Because of their size and expense, supercomputers are
relatively rare.relatively rare.
Supercomputers are used by universities, government Supercomputers are used by universities, government
agencies, and large businesses.agencies, and large businesses.

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MAINFRAME COMPUTERSMAINFRAME COMPUTERS
Mainframe computers can support hundreds or Mainframe computers can support hundreds or
thousands of users, handling massive amounts of input, thousands of users, handling massive amounts of input,
output, and storage.output, and storage.
Mainframe computers are used in large organizations Mainframe computers are used in large organizations
where many users need access to shared data and where many users need access to shared data and
programs.programs.
Mainframes are also used as e-commerce servers, Mainframes are also used as e-commerce servers,
handling transactions over the Internethandling transactions over the Internet..

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MINI COMPUTERSMINI COMPUTERS
Minicomputers are smaller than mainframes but larger Minicomputers are smaller than mainframes but larger
than microcomputers. than microcomputers.
Minicomputers usually have multiple terminals.Minicomputers usually have multiple terminals.
Minicomputers may be used as network servers and Minicomputers may be used as network servers and
Internet servers.Internet servers.

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MICROCOMPUTERSMICROCOMPUTERS
Microcomputers are more commonly known as personal Microcomputers are more commonly known as personal
computers. The term "PC" is applied to IBM-PCs or computers. The term "PC" is applied to IBM-PCs or
compatible computers.compatible computers.
Full-size desktop computers are the most common type Full-size desktop computers are the most common type
of PC.of PC.
Notebook (laptop) computers are used by people who Notebook (laptop) computers are used by people who
need the power of a desktop system, but also portability.need the power of a desktop system, but also portability.
Handheld PCs (such as PDAs) lack the power of a Handheld PCs (such as PDAs) lack the power of a
desktop or notebook PC, but offer features for users who desktop or notebook PC, but offer features for users who
need limited functions and small size.need limited functions and small size.

20. 1st October1st October 2020