Computer Networks and brief introduction for BCA 3

I introduction to computer network

1. MAULANA ABUDUL KALAM AZAD UNIVERSITY OF
TECHNOLOGY
(ADVANCE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT STUDIES)
(--COMPUTER NETWORKS--)
NAME-MADHURI MAHATO
STREAM-BCA
SEM-5
TH
ROLL NO-19801222015
TOPIC-TECHINCAL HISTORY OF COMPUTER NETWORKS
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2. CONTENT
Introduction
The Birth of Computer Networking
Development of TCP/IP
The Rise of the Internet
Networking Protocols and Standards
The Growth of Broadband and Wireless Networks
Conclusion
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3. Introduction
1. Foundations of Modern Communication
•Global Connectivity: Computer networks enable global communication,
allowing people across the world to connect instantly through email, social
media, and messaging apps.
•Information Sharing: They facilitate the sharing of information and resources
across diverse geographic locations, fostering collaboration and knowledge
dissemination.
Technological Advancements
•Innovation: Networks have spurred technological innovations such as cloud
computing, the Internet of Things (IoT), and big data analytics, reshaping
industries and creating new ones.
•Infrastructure Development: They have led to advancements in infrastructure
technologies like network security, data centers, and high-speed broadband.
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4. The Birth of Computer Networking
The birth of computer networking marks a revolutionary period in technology, setting the
stage for the interconnected world we live in today. Here’s a structured overview to cover
this topic:
a. Origins of Networking Concepts
•Claude Shannon (1940s): Often regarded as the father of information theory, Shannon's
work laid the theoretical groundwork for data transmission and communication systems.
•Alan Turing (1936): Turing's concept of a universal machine and his work on algorithms
influenced the development of network protocols and computer systems.
b. Packet-Switching Concept
•Paul Baran (1960s): Developed the concept of packet switching, which breaks data into
packets and sends them independently across the network. This approach improved
efficiency and reliability.
•Donald Davies (1965): Independently developed the idea of packet switching and
introduced the term "packet switching" in his research.
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5. Development of TCP/IP
The development of TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) was
a landmark achievement in computer networking that underpins the modern
Internet. Here's a detailed overview of the development of TCP/IP, including its
significance and key milestones:
1. Background and Context
a. Early Networking Challenges
•1960s–1970s: ARPANET, the first packet-switching network, used a variety of
different networking protocols. There was a need for a standardized protocol
suite to allow different networks to communicate with each other seamlessly.
b. Packet Switching Concept
•Paul Baran and Donald Davies: Developed the concept of packet switching,
which TCP/IP built upon. This approach breaks data into packets, sends them
through the network independently, and reassembles them at the destination.
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6. The Rise of the Internet
The rise of the Internet represents one of the most transformative technological developments of the late
20th and early 21st centuries. It revolutionized communication, commerce, and information sharing,
creating a global network that connects billions of people and devices. Here’s a detailed overview of
the rise of the Internet:
1. Early Development and Expansion
a. From ARPANET to the Internet
•1969: ARPANET, the precursor to the Internet, was established by the U.S. Department of Defense to
connect research institutions. It used packet-switching technology and TCP/IP protocols.
•1970s–1980s: ARPANET’s success led to the development of additional networks and protocols. Key
milestones included the introduction of the Ethernet protocol by Robert Metcalfe and the establishment
of other networks like the National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET).
b. Standardization and Protocols
•1983: ARPANET adopted TCP/IP, which became the standard protocol for network communication. This
move was crucial for interoperability and the eventual expansion of the network.
•1984: The Domain Name System (DNS) was introduced, simplifying the use of human-readable addresses
(e.g., www.example.com) instead of numeric IP addresses.
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7. Networking Protocols and Standards
Networking protocols and standards are fundamental to the operation and interoperability of
networks. They ensure that different devices and systems can communicate effectively and
reliably. Here’s an overview of key networking protocols and standards:
1. Introduction to Networking Protocols and Standards
a. Definition and Role
•Networking Protocols: Rules and conventions that define how data is transmitted and received
over a network. They ensure accurate data exchange and communication between devices.
•Standards: Established norms that ensure interoperability and compatibility between hardware
and software from different manufacturers.
b. Key Functions
•Data Formatting: Specifies how data should be structured and packaged for transmission.
•Error Handling: Provides mechanisms for detecting and correcting errors that occur during data
transmission.
•Routing and Addressing: Defines how data packets are addressed, routed, and delivered to the
correct destination.
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8. The Growth of Broadband and Wireless
Networks
The growth of broadband and wireless networks has been remarkable over the
past few decades, transforming how we connect, communicate, and access
information.
Broadband Networks
Broadband internet has seen significant expansion, especially in developed
countries.
Wireless Networks
Wireless broadband has also experienced substantial growth, fueled by the
Proliferation of mobile devices and the need for constant connectivity.
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9. Conclusion
Computer networks have evolved dramatically, from humble beginnings as
interconnected mainframes to the vast, interconnected world we know
today. The journey from ARPANET to the internet, from dial-up to high-
speed broadband, has been marked by technological breakthroughs and
innovative minds. While we've achieved remarkable progress, the future
holds even greater potential. As technology continues to advance, we can
anticipate networks that are faster, more secure, and more integrated into
our daily lives.
The technical history of computer networks is not just a tale of
technological advancement but a testament to human ingenuity and
collaboration. It's a story of how ideas, shared across distances, have
shaped our world.
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