Computers in our daily life.pdf

Living in the it era

1. Computers in Our
Daily Life
Prepared by: Jonalyn A. Angeles

2. Objectives
❑Familiarizethemselveswiththecomputernumbersystems
❑DiscusstheruleoftheASCIIcodeincomputersystemsandexplain
howcomputersuseit
❑Examinehowcomputer’ssystembusworks
❑Identifythedifferentcomputernetworksystemsandthewiredand
wirelessconnections
❑Distinguishbetweensystemsoftwareandapplicationsoftware
❑Compareandcontrastadesktopappandamobileappintermsof
content,layout,anddesign.
❑Explaintheimpactofcomputersonourdailylife

3. 01
How Computers
Work

4. Thepartsofacomputerarethe
centralprocessingunit(CPU),memory,a
keyboardorotherinputdevice,andascreenor
otheroutputdevice.
•Howdoesacomputeraddorsubtract?
•Howcanitsmemoryrememberthe
answersitcomputes?
Meet us

5. Thecomputercanunderstand
machinelanguage.Whenapersontypeson
thecomputer’skeyboard,thehumanbrain
identifiestheletters,numbers,and
characterscombinedtocreatewordsand
sentences.Butthecomputerdoesnot
recognizelettersaslettersofthealphabet;
itseesthelettersasaseriesof0’sand1’s
calledthebinarylanguage.

6. Computer Number System
●Humans use the decimal number
system
To count, measure, and compute.
●A computer, on the other hand, can
only understand two digits –0 and 1.
This type of number system is
called the binary number system,
with the prefix bi, which means 2.

7. The decimal number system has ten digits
●such as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9.
Let’s try to convert the number 10 into binary number system
Step 1: Divide the whole number by 2.
To check:
1 0 1 0
=2
3
2
1
= 8 + 2
= 10
R = 0
R = 1
R = 0
10/2 =
5/2 =
2/2 =
1/2 = R = 1
Binary: 1010
5
2
1
0
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+
NOTE:
0 = off numbers(Cancel)
1 = On numbers

8. Convert the number 25 into binary number system
To check:
1 1 0 0 1
=2
4
2
3
2
0
= 16 + 8 + 1
= 25
R = 1
R = 0
R = 0
25/2 =
12/2 =
6/2 =
3/2 = R = 1
Binary: 11001
12
6
3
1
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
+
NOTE:
0 = off numbers(Cancel)
1 = On numbers
1/2 = 0 R = 1
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�
+

9. Thereareothertypesofnumbersystems,suchastheoctal
numbersystemandhexadecimalnumbersystem.
❑OCTALNUMBERSYSTEM
Let’strytoconvertthenumber10intooctalnumbersystem
Step1:Usethebinarynumbers
10=1010
Step2:Groupthebinarynumbersinto3
Tocheck:
1010
=2
0
2
1
=12
00
�
�
�
��
�
�
�
�
�
�
� NOTE:
0 = off numbers(Cancel)
1 = On numbers
1 2 =
0 1
1(8 )
1
+ 2(8 )
0
= 1(8) + 2 (1)
= 8 + 2
= 10
Octal number of 10 is 12

10. Convert the number 25 into octal number system
Step1:Usethebinarynumbers
25=11001
Step2:Groupthebinarynumbersinto3
110010
�
��
�
�
�
�
��
�
�
� NOTE:
0 = off numbers(Cancel)
1 = On numbers
=2
1
+2
0
2
0
= 2 + 1 1
= 3 1
Octal number of 25 is 31
Tocheck:
3 1 =
0 1
3(8 )
1
+ 1(8 )
0
= 3(8) + 1 (1)
= 24 + 1
= 25

11. Hexadecimal number system.
Let’strytoconvertthenumber10intoHexadecimalnumbersystem
Step1:Usethebinarynumbers
10=1010
Step2:Groupthebinarynumbersinto4
1010
=2
3
+2
1
=8+2
=10
=A
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
NOTE:
0 = off numbers(Cancel)
1 = On numbers
Hexadecimal number of 10 is A

12. Computer Number System
●Thereareothertypesof
numbersystems,such
astheoctalnumber
system and
hexadecimalnumber
system.

13. Quiz:
Direction: Convert the following numbers to its
corresponding base.
1)13
10=________
2= ________
8= ________
16
2)35
10=________
2= ________
8= ________
16
3)215
10=________
2= ________
8= ________
16

14. 02
How Computers
Communicate with
One Another

15. Noticehowthecomputeruses
differentwaystoconnecttocertain
devices.Thecomputermonitorusesa
wiretoconnecttothecomputerunit
whilethemousewirelesslyconnects
tothelaptop,etc.Dependingonthe
situation,computersusedifferent
connectionmethodstodotheirtask.

16. System Bus
Isapathwaycomposedofcablesand
connectorsusedtocarrydatafroma
computer’speripheraldevices
(monitor,keyboard,mouse,etc.)to
theCPUandthemainmemory.There
arethreetypesofbuses:
1.DataBus
2.AddressBus
3.ControlBus

17. 1. Data Bus
A data bus can transfer data to and from the
memory of a computer, or into or out of the
CPU.
Example:
●Pieces of information that traverse the
data bus include files transferred from a
flash drive to the computer’s hard drive.
●A document sent to the printer for
printing.
TYPES OF BUSES

18. 2. Address Bus
●The address bus is used by the CPU to specify
a physical address for instructions, files, and
other devices within the computer system.
Example:
In a given computer unit, there are typically 6 to 8
USB ports.
❖The address bus is responsible for checking
which of the USB port has a printer connected
to it, along with the mouse, keyboard,
speakers, and sometimes, external drives.
TYPES OF BUSES

19. 3. Control Bus
●A control bus is used by CPUs to communicate with
other devices within the computer system.
●It also sends status signals from the devices,
identifying if it is ready or not.
Example:
If one tries to save a file to a flash drive that is already
removed from the computer, the computer will notify
the user with an error message saying that the folder or
drive where the file is intended to be saved is no longer
existing.
TYPES OF BUSES

20. 03
How Computers
Connect to Other
Computers

21. Computer Network Systems
Computersareabletocommunicate
withoneanotherovernetworks.
➢AComputerNetworkisan
interconnectionoftwoor
morecomputers.
➢Thisinterconnectiongives
thesecomputers the
capabilityto share
informationandresources.

22. TYPESOFNETWORKS
1.PersonalAreaNetwork(PAN)
➢Isatypeofconnectionwhichis
oftenlimitedtoanindividual
personandhisorherpersonal
devices.
➢Thesedevicesmustbewithinthe
rangeof10meterswitheach
other.

23. TYPESOFNETWORKS
2.LocalAreaNetwork(LAN)
➢Isaconnectioninwhichagroupof
computersandotherdevices,such
asnetworkprinters,sharea
commoncommunicationsline
withinacertainareasuchas
buildingorasmallcampus.
➢LANsareoftenfoundinschools
andofficestosecurethe
organization’sinformation.

24. TYPESOFNETWORKS
3.WideAreaNetwork(WAN)
➢Maybelessrestrictivethan
LANasrulesandpoliciesmay
bedifferwithinitscoverage.

25. Methods of Communication
Therearemanydifferenttypesofconnectionmedia
thatareusedincontemporarysocietytoconnectcomputer
networkstooneanother.
Categorizedgenerallyintotwo:
1.Wiredcommunication
2.Wirelesscommunication

26. 1. Wired communication
Computersystemhavedifferentconnectionswhichusuallydependonthe
motherboard’sformfactor.
Example:
USB FireWire Ethernet cable HDMI

27. 2. Wireless communication
•Wirelesscommunicationsincludemicrowavetransmission,satellite
communication,cellulartransmission,andradiotransmissionsuchasWiFi
connectivity.
•Wirelesstechnologydifferhugelyfromoneanother,butthemostpopular
typesareBluetoothandWiFi.

28. 04
How Humans
Communicate with
Computers

29. Readingalongstringof0’sand1’scanbe
veryconfusingandtaxing.Assuch,peoplewho
inventedthecomputeridentifiedtwoareasin
computersystems-computerhardwareand
computersoftware.Throughcomputersoftware,
humansareableto“communicate”withthe
computer.

30. Computer Software
•Isacombinationofinstructions,data,
andprogramsthatthecomputerneeds
inordertodoaspecifictask.
•Everythingthecomputerdoescan
basicallybecontrolledthroughthese
programs.
•Programs–areasetof
codes/instructionswhichare
usuallydesignedorwrittenby
computerprogrammersusinga
specificprogramminglanguage.
Most common type of programming
language used by programmers is
Object-oriented programming.
Example:
•Microsoft’s C#
•Sun Microsystem’s Java
•Open-source programming
language
•PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor

31. Computer Software
●Application Software
Most of the day-to-day tasks
done in front of a computer
involve the use of application
programs.
Example:
MS Office
Adobe Photoshop
Google Chrome
●System Software/Operating System (OS)
Is the most important software running
on a computer since it manages the
computer’s memory and instructions
and has the ability to control all the
connected hardware and installed
software applications.
Examples:
Microsoft Windows
Linux
Android
macOS
2 Types of Computer Software

32. System Platforms
•DesktopSystemdifferfrommobile
systemsintermsofhoweachplatforms
treatstheapplicationsoftwareinstalled
inthesystem.
•Adesktop/laptopcomputerusually
needsanapplicationprogramtoruna
certainapplicationonit,orpossibly,
multipleonesatthesametime.
Example:
Webbrowsercapableofrunning
multiplewebsiteswithdifferent
“applications”allatthesametime.

33. System Platforms
•Withtoday’strendleaningtowards
mobility,moreandmoremobiledevices
arenowcapableofdoingthingswhich
typicaldesktopcomputerscando.
•Usingasmartphoneinaccessingthe
samewebsitesisadifferentexperience.
oInsteadofusingawebbrowserto
accessallthreewebsites,mobile
applicationsareused.

34. Online Applications Software
•Isnowintroducedwiththeimprovedinternet
speedbeingmadeavailabletoconsumers.
•OfficeproductivitytoolssuchasMicrosoft
OfficeSuitewereonlyavailableoffline,but
now,MicrosofthasdevelopedMicrosoftOffice
365whichhasbeenmadeavailableto
studentsandteachersforfreeviatheirOffice
365Education.
•Googleintroduceditsonlineapplications
capableofdoingthesamethingasMicrosoft’s
OfficeSuite.
oExample:GoogleDocs,GoogleSheets,
andGoogleslides

35. Online Applications Software
•Otheronlineproductivitytoolsarealso
availablefororganizations,suchasdata
collectionandanalysis,especiallyfor
thoseinthemarketingindustry.
•PCMag.comhaslisteddownavailable
onlinesurveyenginesfor2017and
analyzedthetopcontenders:
✓Zohosurvey
✓SurveyGizmo
✓CampaignMonitorGetFeedback
✓CheckboxSurvey
✓FluidSurveys

36. Online Applications Software
•Tomsguide.comhasalsolisteddownseveral
popularapplicationsavailableintheApp
StoreandGooglePlaythatcanincrease
productivity,improveefficiency,andprovide
convenience.
1.Any.do
2.MicrosoftOfficeWord,Excel,and
Powerpoint
3.WPSOffice
4.AdobeAcrobatReader
5.MicrosoftOutlook
6.NewtonMail
7.Forge

37. Online Applications Software
•Lastly,peoplewhohavenoIT
backgroundcannowcreatetheirown
blogsandwebsitesthroughonlinetools
whichprovidewebhostingandweb
contentmanagement.
Example:
Wix.com
WordPress.com

38. Reference
Tayuan, R., &Eleazar M. (2019). Living in the Information
Technology Era. C & E Publishing, Inc.