Concept 3E's in Defence by Hafizal&Razak (2024).pptx

Clausewitz Economy Effectiveness Efficiency in Defence

1. PSD5223 – DEFENCE MANAGEMENT By:​ Mej Hafizal bin Mohamad Nor Lt Kdr Abd Razak bin Abd Rahman Discuss the Concept of Economy, Efficiency & Effectiveness in Defence  ​

2. BLUF Understanding the concept of economy, efficiency and effectiveness in defence can help us achieve better outcomes with limited resources . 2

3. Hartley, K. (2023). The Case For Markets In Defence , Driving Efficiency and E ffectiveness in Military Spending https://iea.org.uk/publications/the-case-for-markets-in-defence-driving-efficiency-and-effectiveness-in-military-spending/ UAVs: Unlocking positive transformation in the world (2021) Inmarsat Corporate Website . https :// www.inmarsat.com/en/insights/aviation/2021/uavs-unlocking-positive-transformation-world.html Balakrishnan , K. (2021). How To Measure Value From Defence Spending? The Malaysian Case Study. Department for International Development, UK. Social transfers value for money checklist. https :// assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/204383/Social-transfers-VFM-checklist-edition2.pdf References 3

4. 4 Introduction Economy C heapest way to travel Minimize cost of transportation , accommodation etc. B est deals, discounts and options that fit budget. A void wasting money on unnecessary things. Efficiency C hoosing the fastest and most convenient way to travel. M aximize the output of transportation , accommodation, and other services. L ook for the best quality, reliability, and performance that fit the schedule A void wasting time on delays, errors, or problems . Effectiveness A chieving the desired outcome of the trip. S atisfy needs and goals. A void wasting effort on irrelevant , things.

5. DEFENCE MANAGEMENT Process of transforming allocated resources into military capability in accordance with national policies (Bland, 1997) MILITARY CAPABILITY The ability to achieve a desired effect in a specific operating environment, within a specified time and to sustain that effect for a designated period (Australian Def Government, 2016) 5

6. https:// assets.publishing.service.gov.uk THE PRICE AT WHICH INPUTS ARE PURCHASED EFFICENCY ECONOMY EFFECTIVENESS HOW WELL INPUTS ARE CONVERTED TO OUTPUTS, OR TRANSFERS HOW WELL OUTPUTS ARE CONVERTED TO OUTCOMES AND IMPACTS 6

7. To enhance understanding on the concept of 3E’s in defence Aim 7

8. Scope 8 Analysis Discussion Conclusion Recommendation

9. Analysis Zone Location Areas (Nos of SSB) Zone E Eastern SCS Western Part 52,600 nm (5 SSB) 9

10. 10 Economy Efficiency Effectiveness Output Outcome Impact Surface Ship Higher initial costs High OE for personnel, maintenance, fuel & infra Long endurance Large coverage area Slow speed Personnel expose to danger Visible Presence Assert authority & deter illegal activities Maritime surveillance Maritime Security Economic National security Environmental protection Social wellbeing UAV Cost-effective Less crew Reduced maintenance costs Minimal infrastructure High speed can cover vast area Limited range Risk reduction Real-time data Enhancing situational awareness of maritime patrols https:// assets.publishing.service.gov.uk 10

11. Asset SSB Area Nos of SSB Ship 8000 nm 2 52,000 nm 2 5 SSB UAV 24,000 nm 2 52,000 nm 2 2 SSB Asset SSB Area Ship 2 SSB 16,000 nm 2 UAV 2 SSB 48,000 nm 2 11

12. Conclusion Gov provide armed forces an annual budget in return they provide defence services in the form of protection, security and peace. Defence budgets will remain limited, so improving efficiency to achieve effectiveness is crucial. 12

13. Recommendation Opportunities for substitution : Recognise that there are alternative methods of achieving effectiveness Avoid focus on inputs : Don’t be rigid with specific force structures Defence outputs reflects in protection, security and peace 13

14. Q&A 14