Concept, Nature & Factor Theories of Intelligence 1.pptx

Concept, Nature & Factor Theories of Intelligence

1. Concept, Nature & Factor T heories of Intelligence Mr. Satyabrata Dash Guest Faculty P.G. Department of Education Email: [email protected]

2. Question Arises Who’s more intelligent ? An engineer who is designing a bridge, a manager motivating his staff, a professor teaching a class, a violin player in a symphony, an author writing a story, an African Bushman finding water in the desert ?

3. Answer to the previous Questions Intelligence is an inborn ability of an individual, the distribution of intelligence is not equal among all human and living beings. There is wide individual difference that exists among individuals with regard to intelligence.

4. Intelligence Intelligence is derived from the Latin verb “Intelligere” which means to comprehend or perceive. It is Perceived that ‘‘Intelligence’’ imparts positive feelings, encourages self esteem and a sense of worth. The Oxford Dictionary explains ‘Intelligence as the power of perceiving, learning, understanding, and knowing’. Alfred Binet was one of the first psychologists who worked on intelligence. He defined intelligence as the ability to judge well, understand well and reason well.

5. Weschler (1977) a renowned psychologist defined as “Intelligence is the global and aggregate capacity of an individual to think rationally, act purposefully and to deal effectively with his/her environment.” In the words of Cyril Burt, “Intelligence is the capacity of flexible adjustment.” Lewis Terman (1921) “The ability to carry on abstract thinking.” In simple words, intelligence is nothing but thinking skills and the ability to adapt to and to learn from life’s everyday experiences. Intelligence in computers or other machines is called  artificial intelligence .

6. Nature The nature of Intelligence are the followings: Intelligence is an innate natural gift of the child. It helps the child in maximizing learning in minimum period of time. The child is able to predict the future and plan accordingly. He develops a sense of discrimination between right or wrong. The developmental period of intelligence is from birth to adolescence.

7. There is a minor difference in the development of intelligence between boys and girls. There are individual differences with regard to the intelligence between boys and girls. Intelligence is mostly determined by heredity but a suitable environment necessary to improve it.

8. One factor/UNI /Mono factor Theory French Psychologist (1857-1911) Father of Intelligence Test

9. I ntelligence is composed of a single element that applies to all of a person's behavior . “Common S ense," is the foundation upon which Alfred Binet founded his intelligence test. Since it goes against the common observation that ‘‘an individual does possess different levels of different abilities and does not shine equally in all directions’’—it has no ground to stand.

10. Two Factor Theory (Charles Edward Spearman, USA) (1863 –1945) 

11. It was developed in 1904 by Spearman Performance = General factor + Specific factor

12. Characteristics of ‘G' 'G' is universal and inborn ability. ‘G' varies from person to person but in a person it is constant. ‘G' is common in all life activities. ‘G' is responsible for success in life. Whenever we talk of testing intelligence, we actually mean to measure ‘G' with the help of intelligence test.

13. Characteristics of 'S' 'S' is learnt and acquired in the environment. 'S' is closely associated with the aptitude of person. 'S' varies from person to person.

14. Multi Factor Theory Edward Lee Thorndike American Psychologist (1874 – 1949)

15. Given by Thorndike Intelligence has several factors He believed that there was nothing like General Ability. Our mental activity requires an aggregate of different set of abilities .

16. Thorndike's Multi Factor Theories He distinguished the following four attributes of intelligence. (a) Level — r efers to the level of difficulty of a task that can be solved. (b) Area —means the total number of situations at each level to which the individual is able to respond. (c) Range — r efers to a number of tasks at any given degree of difficulty. (d) Speed - refers to the rapidity with which we can respond to the time

17. THURSTONE’S THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE Louis Leon Thurstone American Psychologist  (1887 –1955 )

18. Louis Leon Thurstone suggested that intelligence is a composite of seven (07) distinct primary mental abilities (PMA) Thurstone (1935) pointed out that intelligence consists of a number of primary mental abilities. He recognized the diversity of human abilities.

19. Primary Mental Abilities (07 Types)

20. Numerical Ability: The ability to solve arithmetic problems Verbal Comprehension: The ability of reading comprehension; define and understand words, concepts, ideas Spatial Relations : The ability to visualize and manipulate different geometric patterns, forms and imaginary objects in space. Memory: The ability to memorize and recall. Fluency: The ability to produce words rapidly. Inductive Reasoning : The ability to find rules or the logical reasoning ability Perceptual Speed: The ability to visualize details rapidly.

21. References: Retrieved from https://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/lepy101.pdf https://gcwgandhinagar.com/econtent/document/1587719272Meaning,%20Nature%20and%20Characteristics%20of%20Intelligence%20_%20John%20Parankimalil.pdf https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/65119/3/Unit-3.pdf http://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/epgpdata/uploads/epgp_content/S000573AE/P001804/M027201/LM/1518003504References_BasicconceptsofIntelligence.pdf

22. Thank You