Concept, Nature, Type & Features of TU.ppt

“Trade Union is an association of workers formed to protect the interest of workers”.
Indian Trade Union act, 1926 defined Trade Union as, “Any combination, whether temporary or permanent, formed primarily for the purpose of regulating the relation between workmen and employee or between workmen and workmen, between employers and employers or for imposing restrictive conditions on the conduct of any trade or business, and includes any federation of two or more trade unions”.

1. Presented By:-
Ranvijay Singh
Vinay Chabra
Narender
Kumar
Virender Gupta
Mahipal Singh

2. TRADE UNIONIST OF INDIA
Comes in Politics from Trade Union

3. SOME TRADE UNIONS
All India Trade Union Congress (Communist Party
of India)
All India United Trade Union Centre (Socialist
Unity Centre of India (Communist) )
Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh (Rashtriya Swayamsevak
Sangh)
Indian National Trade Union Congress (Indian
National Congress)
 Political affiliation in
brackets.

4. Some Trade Unions
GJUTUA
HAUTUA
SKS
Bank employees association
School Teacher association
College lecturer union & So
onnnnnn……..
All These Are White Colors Trade Unions.

5. “Trade Union is an association of workers
formed to protect the interest of workers”.
IndianTradeUnionact,1926definedTradeUnionas,“Any
combination,whethertemporaryorpermanent,formedprimarilyfor
thepurposeofregulatingtherelationbetweenworkmenandemployee
orbetweenworkmenandworkmen,betweenemployersandemployers
orforimposingrestrictiveconditionsontheconductofanytradeor
business,andincludesanyfederationoftwoormoretradeunions”.

6. Characteristics of Trade Unions
•Temporary or permanent
•Regulating the relation
•Imposing restrictive conditions

7. Why Workers join trade unions ?
WorkersjointradeUnionstoattaintheirobjectiveswhichthey
couldnotachieveindividually.SpecificallyworkerjoinTrade
Unionsduetofollowingreasons.
Toattaineconomicsecurity.
Toventilatetheworker’sgrievancestothemanagement.
Tosatisfythesocialneed.
Tosecurepower.
ToSatisfythesocialneed.
ToImprovetheirbargainingpower.

8. Principle of Trade Unions
Trade Unions function on three cordinal principle.
Unity is Strength
This fact is effectively brought out by Longfellow in the song of Hiawatha:
“ All Your Strength is in your Union,
All your danger is in your discord;
Therefore be at peace henceforward,
And as brother, Live together”.
Equal pay for Equal work or for the same job.
Security of Service.

9. Structure of
Trade
Unions
Description / Example
Craft unionsTo represent skilled workers e.g. Musicians
Union (MU)
Industrial
unions
To represent the members of one particular
industry e.g. Fire Brigades Union
(FBU)
General
unions
Unions which recruit workers from all types
of industries and with any level or range of
skills e.g. Amicus –the Manufacturing
Science and Finance Union (MSF)
White-collar
unions
Represent office workers e.g. National Union
of Teachers (NUT)

10. Plant level Federations
Local level Federations
Regional Level Federations
National Level Federations

11. Trade Unions can be classifieds according to:
(1)Thepurposeforwhichtheyareestablished,
and
(2)TypesoftheirMembership.

12. Reformist Unions
•Business Unions
•Friendly Unions
Revolutionary Union
•Political unions
•Anarchist unions

13. What do unions do?
The main service a union provides for its
members is negotiation and
representation. There are other benefits
people get from being members of trade
unions.
Negotiation
Representation
Information and advice
Member services

14. Negotiation
Negotiationiswhereunionrepresentatives
discusswithmanagementissueswhichaffect
peopleworkinginanorganization.Theunion
findsoutthemembers'viewsandrelaysthese
viewstomanagement.Theremaybea
differenceofopinionbetweenmanagementand
unionmembers.'Negotiation'isaboutfindinga
solutiontothesedifferences.Thisprocessis
alsoknownas'collectivebargaining'.

15. Representation
Tradeunionsalsorepresentindividual
memberswhentheyhaveaproblematwork.Ifan
employeefeelstheyarebeingunfairlytreated,heor
shecanasktheunionrepresentativetohelpsortout
thedifficultywiththemanageroremployer.
Iftheproblemcannotberesolvedamicably,
themattermaygotoanindustrialtribunal.Industrial
tribunalsmakesurethatemploymentlawsare
properlyadheredtobyemployeesandemployers.
Unionsalsooffertheirmemberslegalrepresentation.
Normallythisistohelppeoplegetfinancial
compensationforwork-relatedinjuriesortoassist
peoplewhohavetotaketheiremployertocourt.

16. Unions have a wealth of information which
is useful to people at work. They can advise on
a range of issues like how much holiday you are
entitled to each year, how much pay you will get
if you go on maternity leave, and how you can
obtain training at work.
Information and advice

17. Member services
During the last ten years, trade unions have increased the range of
services they offer their members. These include:
Educationandtraining-Mostunionsruntrainingcoursesfortheir
membersonemploymentrights,healthandsafetyandotherissues.Someunions
alsohelpmemberswhohaveleftschoolwithlittleeducationbyofferingcourseson
basicskillsandcoursesleadingtoprofessionalqualifications.
Legalassistance-Aswellasofferinglegaladviceonemployment
issues,someunionsgivehelpwithpersonalmatters,likehousing,willsanddebt.
Financialdiscounts-Peoplecangetdiscountsonmortgages,
insuranceandloansfromunions.
Welfarebenefits-Oneoftheearliestfunctionsoftradeunionswas
tolookaftermemberswhohithardtimes.Someoftheolderunionsofferfinancial
helptotheirmemberswhentheyaresickorunemployed.

18. Most 'collective bargaining' takes place quietly and agreements are quickly
reached by the union and the employer. Occasionally disagreements do occur
and the two sides cannot agree. In these cases the union may decide to take
industrial action.
Industrial action takes different forms. It could mean an over time ban, a work-
to-rule or a strike. There are strict laws which unions have to follow when they
take industrial action.
A strike is only called as a last resort. Strikes are often in the news but are rare.
Both sides have a lot to lose. Employers lose income because of interruptions to
production or services. Employees lose their salaries and may find that their
jobs are at risk.
Usually employers and employees will go to some lengths to avoid the costs of
strike action to both groups. © Photolibrary Group
The Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service (ACAS)is often used to help
find a solution to a dispute which is acceptable to both sides.

19. xyz

20. OBJECTIVES
Better Wages
Better Working conditions
Bonus
Resist unsuitable schemes
Secure welfare
Project Interest of workers
Social welfare
Organizational growth and stability

21. FUNCTIONS
Militant
Fraternal
•Intra-mural activities
•Extra-mural activitie
•Political activities.

22. Lack of education
May not welcome change
Strike on illogical basis
Creation of Artificial scanty of labour
Undue demands relating to wages

23. Unions structure diagram
Union Members
Shop Stewards (Union Representatives)
BranchesDistrict and Regional Offices
National Office

24. Trade unions are democratic organizations which
are accountable to their members for their policies
and actions. Unions are normally modeled on the
following structure:
Members -people who pay a subscription to
belong to a union
Shop stewards -sometimes called union
representatives -who are elected by members of
the union to represent them to management
Branches -which support union members in
different organizations locally. There is usually a
branch secretary who is elected by local members

25. Districtand/orregionaloffices-theseare
usuallystaffedbyfulltimeunionofficials.
Thesearepeoplewhoarepaidtooffer
adviceandsupporttounionmembers
locally
Anationaloffice-theunion'sheadquarters
whichofferssupporttounionmembersand
negotiatesorcampaignsforimprovements
totheirworkingconditions.Atthetopof
theorganizationthereisusuallyaGeneral
SecretaryandaNationalExecutive
Committee, electedbytheunion's
members.

26. TRADE UNIONS ACT
1926
•TradeUnionsAct,1926providesforthe
registrationofthe TradeUnionswiththe
RegistrarsofTradeUnionsoftheirterritory.Any
sevenormoremembersofatradeunionby
submittingtheirnamestotheregistraroftrade
unionsandotherwisecomplyingwiththe
provisionsoftheActwithrespecttoregistration
mayapplyfortheregistrationoftheTradeUnion
undertheTradeUnionsAct.TheActgives
protectiontoregisteredtradeunionsincertain
casesagainstcivilandcriminalaction.

27. •AIBOC-All India Bank Officers Confederation
•AISGEF-All India State Government Employees
Federation
•Center of Indian Trade Unions-Major trade union
•Hind Mazdoor Sabha-Membership, objectives and
trade union situation
•Indian National Trade Union Congress-History, aims,
objectives and activities
•NCOA-National Confederation of Officer's
Association of Central Publid Sector Undertakings
•Organized Labour -Article on role of organized
labour and trade unions in economic liberalization
•PWTUC-Professional Workers Trade Union Centre
of India
•Trade Union India-Trade union international of
public and allied employees

28. Four important central organisations of workers in India are
1. The Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC).
The Congress Party and the top congress leaders formed
the INTUC like Nehru and Patel were associated with it.
Every union affiliated to INTUC has to submit its dispute to
arbitration after exhausting other means of settlement
of disputes.
2. The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC). This
union serves as the labour forum of Communist Party of
India at present. It is considered as the second largest
union in India.
3. The Hind Mazdoor Sabha (HMS). It was formed in
Calcutta by the socialists who neither approved INTUC
nor AITUC. The HMS was organised with a view to
keeping its members free from any political or other
outside interference.

29. 4.The United Trade Union Congress (UTUC). Those
persons who were dissident socialist formed it. It
functions mainly in Kerala and West Bengal.
5.Centre for Indian Trade Unions (CITU). The Marxists
separated from the AITUC in May 1970 and formed the
CITU.

30. In addition to the above, there are four other
central trade union organizations. They are:
• Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh (BMS)
• National Labour Organization (NLO)
• National Front of Indian Trade Unions
(NFITU)
• Trade Union Congress Committee

31. PROBLEMS AND WEAKNESS OF TRADE UNIONS
Uneven growth
Limited membership
Multiplicity of unions
Outside leadership
Financial problems
Indifferent attitude of workers

32. How are trade unions financed?
•Each trade union member pays a subscription. The
amount varies from union to union and is normally set at
different levels according to the amount people earn.
•People pay their subscription fees in different ways. It
may be collected by direct debit from a bank account,
deducted directly from wages or paid in cash or by
cheque to a union representative or full time official.
•In exchange, members receive the benefits of
representation, negotiation, protection and other services
from their union.

33. How do trade unions recruit their members?
Differentunionscoverdifferentjobsandindustries.People
areabletojointhemostappropriateunionfortheirjobor
sector.
Peoplearerecruitedtounionsindifferentways.Most
peoplefindoutabouttheunionbytalkingtocolleaguesat
theworkplaceandthenmakedirectcontactwiththeunion.
Othersarecontactedbytheunionrepresentativewhogives
theminformationabouttheunionandtellsthemhowtojoin.
Someemployersandpersonnelofficerstellemployees
abouttheunionwhentheystartworkingforthe
organization.

34. How has trade union
membership changed in recent
years?
•In 2003, union membership in Britain, estimated from the
Labour Force Survey, was 7.42 million. The proportion of
all employees who were union members was 29.1%.
These are the overall figures but union membership
varies enormously by industry and by the types of jobs
that people do.
•Trade union membership has declined over the last two
decades. In 1979 13.3 million people were members of
trade unions and the proportion of employees who were
union members stood at 55%. A comparison of
membership datafor the period 1992-2003 can be seen
on the ONS Web site.

35. Reasons for fall in Membership
•Adramaticfallinthenumberofjobsinmanufacturing
industrieswhereunionmembershipwastraditionallyhigh.
•Largernumbersofunemployedpeople.
•Afallintraditionalfulltimeemploymentandanincreasein
parttimeandtemporaryworkerswhoarelesslikelytojoin
unions.
•Anincreaseintheproportionoftheworkforceemployedby
smallcompanieswhereitisoftendifficultforunionsto
organize.
•Hostilelegislation-thepreviousConservativegovernment
introducedlawswhichmakeitmoredifficultforunionsto
operateandkeeptheirmembers.
.

36. However, trade union membership is still quite high and
many people are employed in workplaces where unions
are recognised by management for negotiating pay and
conditions of employment.
There is also evidence that the decline in union
membership is beginning to slow up. The TUC has
launched a major recruitment drive called 'New
Unionism -Organising for Growth' and many unions are
stepping up their efforts to recruit in new industries and
jobs. More and more people are turning to trade unions
because they want the protection they can provide

37. SUGGESTIONS FOR HEALTHY GROWTH OF
UNIONS
One Union Per Industry
Paid Union Officials
Development of Internal
Leadership
Recognition of Trade Unions
Improved Financial condition