Concept of agni & ama seminar

Ayurveda

1. CONCEPT OF AGNI AND AMA PRESENTER : DR . THEJASWINI. R 1 ST MD DEPT OF KAYACHIKITSA GAMC , MYSORE Dr.Thejaswini.R 1

2. INTRODUCTION Ayurveda is a logical science based on basic principles. The science of A yurveda not only depend upon the symptomatology of the patient , rather it believes in a thorough examination to find out the root cause of the ailment in the patient . Concept of Agni : AÉiÉÑUqÉÑmÉ¢üqÉ|hÉãlÉ ÍpÉwÉeÉÉÅÅrÉÑUÉSÉuÉåuÉ mÉUÏͤÉiÉurÉç ; xÉirÉÉrÉÑÌwÉ | urÉÉÍkÉ HiÉÑuÉÎalÉ-uÉrÉÉå SåWûoÉsÉxÉiuÉ xÉÉiqrÉ mÉëMÚüÌiÉ pÉãwÉeÉ SåzÉÉlÉç mÉUϤÉåiÉç || su.su.35 || Before prescribing any therapeutic procedures. Physician should examine ayu of the patient.If he has long span then his vyadhi , rutu , agni , vaya,deha,bala,satva,satmya,prakruti,bheshaja and desha should be examined to get proper therapeutic effect. Dr.Thejaswini.R 2

3. Therapeutic effect of panchakarma depends upon the dose of the Shodhana Oushadha . Each and every individuals in the world are individually,totally different in prakriti , dosha , ‘ agni ’ , koshta and such other factors. So before administering any therapeutic procedure ,it is a must to assess the agni of a person. Dr.Thejaswini.R 3

4. qɧÉÉrÉÉ lÉ urÉuÉxjÉÉÅÎxiÉ urÉÉÍkÉ MüÉå¹Ç oÉsÉÇ uÉrÉ : AÉsÉÉåcrÉ SåzÉMüÉsÉÉæ cÉ rÉÉåerÉÉ iɲ¶É MüsmÉlÉÉ || || AH.Ka.6/12 || Acharyas were aware of the limitations of mathematical calculations concerning to the bio- physiology,while dealing with a living body . So they clearly stated that the dosage totally depends on ‘ agni ’, koshta , vyadhi,kala,bala,vaya,desha of the individual. So individuality must be considered . Dr.Thejaswini.R 4

5. CONCEPT OF AMA : Ama is a unique concept in Ayurveda . Impaired agni impaired digestion and metabolism incompletely processed food components and metabolites in the system threat to health It has the capacity to vitiate the doshas , thereby disturbing the homeostasis. It is considered as one of the important vyadhi ghataka responsible for the initiation of the disease process in the body. Hence amaya is rightly stated for vyadhi , which denotes the potentiality of ama . Dr.Thejaswini.R 5 AMA

6. Dr.Thejaswini.R 6 agni

7. AGNI INTRODUCTION : Living body is the product of nutrition. Dosha , dhatu and mala are the shareera dravyas whose source is ahara dravya . The ingested food undergoes convertion at different levels, till they ultimately become tissues of the body , which is brought about by the “ AGNI ” Thus, NO Agni NO Tissue Building NO Life Hence Agni is directly proportional to Life Dr.Thejaswini.R 7

8. अग्नि is the representative of solar energy in the living organism. It is reflected in the human body in a unique form which makes all the metabolic activities possible. Agni manifests its power through pitta dosha . It is o ne among the 5 mahabhuthas - ‘ Tejas ’ अहं वैश्वान रो भूत्वा प्राणिनां देहमाश्रितः । प्राणापान सम्युक्तम् पचामि अन्नं चतुर्विधम् ॥ ॥ भगवत्गीत ॥ कायो अत्र अग्निरुच्यते , तस्य चिकित्सा कायचिकित्स || सु.सू 1/7 डल्हणा || Dr.Thejaswini.R 8 KAYA AGNI

9. निरुक्ति : अग्नि अग्नि गतौ ( अमरकोश ) enlightens & moves अङ्गयन्ति अग्र्यं जन्म प्रापयन्ति इति | श.क.द्रु | Agni is foremost , among that which controls our body and responsible for the ‘ janma ’ (life) पर्यया : वैश्वानर वह्नि वीतिहोत्र धनन्जयः ज्वलन Dr.Thejaswini.R 9

10. Functions of normal अग्नि in the body : आयुर्वर्णो बलं स्वास्थ्यमुत्साहोपचयौ प्रभा ओजस्तेजो अग्नयःप्राणश्चोक्ता देहाग्निहेतुकाः ॥ ॥ Ch chi 15/3 ॥ All the body entities such as bala , varna , swasthya , utsaha , upachaya , prabha , ojus , shareera ushma ( teja ), deha pushthi , vruddhi are all the functions of agni . Dr.Thejaswini.R 10

11. IMPORTANCE : अग्निमूलं बलं पुंसां रेतोमूलं च जीवितम् तस्मात् सर्व प्रयत्नेन अग्निं च रेतं च रक्षयेत् || यो . र|| Agni and retas are the sources of strength and life . Hence one must protect them. शान्ते अग्नौ म्रियते , युक्ते चि रं जीवत्यनामयः । रोगी स्याद्वि क्रु ते,मूलमग्निस्तस्मान्निरुच्यते ॥ Proper functioning of agni results in sustainace of good health and life. While impraired agni causes ill health or even death. Dr.Thejaswini.R 11

12. बलमारोग्यमायुश्च प्राणाश्चाग्नौ प्रतिष्ठिता अन्नपानेन्धनैश्चाग्निर्ज्वलति चान्यथा ||CH SU 27/342|| If one intakes proper food , his bala , arogya etc entities, including the metabolism will be protected as they are dependant upon the agni or else it deprives. Dr.Thejaswini.R 12

13. TYPES OF अग्नि : 13 कायाग्नि / जठराग्नि धात्वग्नि -(7) भौतिकाः पंच , धात्वग्नयःसप्ता , अन्नपक्ता एक ॥ Chakrapani || Dr.Thejaswini.R 13 भूताग्नि - (5)

14. भूताग्नि : भौमाप्याग्नेयवायव्याः पञ्चोष्माणःसनाभसाः पञ्चाहारगुणान् स्वान् स्वान् पार्थिवादीन् पचन्ति हि । (Ch chi 15/13,14) Five bhutagnis bring about paka of the 5 respective attributes (respective आहार गुण ) in the food ingredients . Acharya Chakrapani - this action of bhutagni on respective aharaguna results in the production of certain विशिष्ट गुणा’s Dr.Thejaswini.R 14

15. धात्वग्नि : They are named accordingly, to there Sites - 7 dhatus ( Vg ) ये पाचकांशा धातुस्था तेषां मान्द्यादितैक्ष्ण्यतः व्रु द्धि ् क्षयश्च धातूनां जायते ….. ॥ As su 19/25 ॥ धात्वाग्नि’s are nothing but small & scattered portions of जाठराग्नि in dhatus . These agnis are responsible for the chaya & upachaya of dhatus . Dr.Thejaswini.R 15

16. कायाग्नि / जठराग्नि : It is the “ chief agni ” in the body. Trividha Agni Bala : जठराग्नेस्त्रिधा पुरुषापेक्षित्वेन उत्तम मध्यमावर भेदेन मात्रापि , प्रवराग्निबलापेक्षिणी उत्तमा , मध्यमाग्निबलापेक्षिणी मध्यमा , अल्पाग्निबलापेक्षिणी अल्पा || Ch su 5/8 || Dr.Thejaswini.R 16

17. Sthana : पक्वामाशयोर्मध्य म् Functions : चतुर्विधमन्नपानं पचति , विवेचयति च दोष रस मूत्र पुरीषाणि , शेषाणां पित्त स्थानानां अनुग्रहं || Ch su 21/10|| Dr.Thejaswini.R 17

18. Pradhanyatha of Jataragni among S arvagni’s : अन्नस्य पक्ता सर्वेषां पक्त्रुणां आधिपो मतः तन्मूलास्ते हि तद् वृद्धि क्षयात्मकः …|| Ch chi 15/39|| Jataragni is supreme among all the other types of agni because, all the remaining types of agni are dependant on it. Including the vridhi & kshaya of bhutagnis & dhatvagnis are depend a nt on it. Dr.Thejaswini.R 18

19. बलभेदेन - 4 समाग्नि तीक्ष्णाग्नि मन्दाग्नि विषमाग्नि Dr.Thejaswini.R 19

20. समाग्नि : Due to equilibrium of all the 3 doshas तत्र समवातपित्तश्लेष्मणां प्र कृति स्थानां समा भवत्यग्नयः ||Ch vi 6 || When doshas are in balanced condition,the agni occurs in samavastha . समस्तु खल्वपचारतो वि कृ तिमापद्यते अनपचारस्तु प् राकृ ताववतिष्टते ||Ch vi 6|| This balanced type of agni maintains the normalcy, as long as there is no irregularities. But it gets impaired by minor irregularities. Dr.Thejaswini.R 20

21. विषमाग्नि : Influenced predominantly by वात समलक्षण विपरीत लक्षणस्तु विषम इति ||Cha|| It is contrary to samagni . T he function of agni may be either normal or abnormal at times. Vishamagni - may result in आध्मान , शूल , उदावर्त , अतिसार , जठरगौरव , आन्त्रकूजन , प्रवाहण ( Susrutha ) Dr.Thejaswini.R 21

22. तीक्ष्णाग्नि : Influenced predominantly by पित्त तीक्ष्णो अग्नि सर्वापचारसहः ||Ch vi 6|| Capable of sustaining all types of irregularities. पित्तलानां तु पित्ताभिभूते ह्यग्न्यधिष्ठाने तीक्ष्णा भवत्यग्नयः || Ch vi 6 || In pitta prakruthi persons when aggravated pitta affects the site of agni it would result in tikshnagni Dr.Thejaswini.R 22

23. Acharya Susrutha states that it produces गलताल्वोष्ठशोष , दाह & सन्ताप . When it is excessively increased the condition is called “ अत्यग्नि ”. Dr.Thejaswini.R 23

24. मन्दाग्नि : Influenced predominantly by कफ तत् विपरीतलक्षणस्तु मन्द : || Ch vi 6|| That which gets impaired in its functioning even with small amount of irregular food and has opposite features to that of teekshnagni . मन्दाग्नि – takes long time to digest even small amount of food and is stated to produce उदरशिरो गौरव , कास , श्वास . ( Susrutha ) Dr.Thejaswini.R 24

25. अग्नि परीक्षा : अग्निं जरणशक्त्या परीक्षेत् ||Ch Vi 4/8|| Strength of agni is assesed by its capacity to digest food. आहारमात्रा पुनरग्निबलापेक्षिणी ||Ch su 5/3|| Power or condition of agni determines the quantity of food to be consumed. विषमो वातजान् रोगांस्तीक्ष्णः पित्तनिमित्तजान् | करोत्यग्निस्तथा मन्दो विकारान् कफसंभवान् || ||Su su 35/25|| Vishamagni – vata vikaras Teekshnagni – pittaja vikaras Mandagni – kaphaja vikaras Dr.Thejaswini.R 25

26. FUNCTIONING OF VARIOUS AGNI AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF DIGESTION : अत्र जठराग्निः सर्वमेवाहार रस मल विपाकान् पचति । भौतिकास्त्वग्नयः स्वान् स्वान् गुणान् जनयन्ति ।| उक्तश्च जाठरेणाग्निना पूर्वं कृ ते संघातभेदे पश्चात् भूताग्नयः पञ्च स्वं स्वं द्रव्यं पचन्ति || ||Ch chi 15/13-14, Chakrapani || Dr.Thejaswini.R 26

27. Samana vata stimulates jataragni –proper digestion process starts ahara rasa Jataragni stimulates the panchabhutagni - digestion of respective food ingredients General circulation of Ahararasa by vyana vata Nutrient substances are accepted by concerned Dhathus by khale kapotha nyaya Dhathvagnis convert these substances into poshya dhatus ( dhathus proper) Dr.Thejaswini.R 27

28. FACTORS INFLUENCING AGNI : Agni gets influenced by morbid doshas , season, quality &quantity of food consumed & is dependent on अष्टविध आहार विधि विशेषायतन . (Ch vi 1/21) न अभोजनेन कायाग्निः दीपते नातिभोजनात् निरिन्धनो यथा वह्नेः अल्पो वा अतीन्धनावृतः । (Ch chi 15/211) Agni has the special quality that it does not survive in the absence of fuel (food). Dr.Thejaswini.R 28

29. अग्नि as per ॠतु & वय : हेमन्त ॠतु & यौवन - agni is powerful. वर्ष ॠतु & वार्धक्य - agni is mild in nature. (Ch su 5/3 Chakrapani ) Dr.Thejaswini.R 29

30. प्रकृति अग्नि संबन्ध : Samapr a krithi Samagni Vata prakrithi Vishamagni Pitta prakrithi Teekshnagni Kapha prakrithi Mandagni (Ch vi 6) Dr.Thejaswini.R 30

31. अग्निवैषम्य Causes : अभोजनात् अजीर्णात् अतिभोजनात् विषमाशनात् | असात्म्य गुरु शीत अतिरूक्ष संदुष्ट भोजनात् || विरेक वमन स्नेहविभ्रमात् व्याधिकर्षणात् | देश काल ॠतु वैषम्यात् वेगानां च विधारणात् || (Ch chi 15/42-44) Impaired agni is not able to digest even the Laghu anna Undigested food retains in intestine and attains शुक्तत्व (fermented/ putrified ) Attains visharupa / आम Dr.Thejaswini.R 31

32. Features : तस्य लिङ्गं अजीर्णस्य विष्टंभः सदनं तथा | शिरसो रुक् च मूर्च्छा च भ्रमः पृ ष्ट कटीग्रहः || जृ म्भो अङ्गमर्दः तृष्णा च ज्वर ः छर्दि प्रवाहणम् | अरोचको अविपाकश्च घोरं अन्नविषं च तत् || (Ch chi 15/45,50) Dr.Thejaswini.R 32

33. NEED FOR PROTECTING AGNI : शमप्रकोपौ दोषाणां सर्वेषामग्निसंश्रितौ तस्मादग्निं सदा रक्षयेत् निदानानि च वर्जयेत् ||Ch chi 5/136|| Normal functioning as well as vitiation of doshas depends upon normalcy of the agni . Thus avoidance of nidanas responsible for its vitiation helps keeping it balanced. पालयेत् प्रयत्नस्तस्य स्थितौ ह्यायुर्बलस्थिति | यो हि भुक्ते विधिं त्यक्त्वा ग्रहणीदोषान् गदान् || (Ch chi 15/40) One has to protect the agni , as it maintains ayu bala etc entities. Further if a person does not follow ‘ ahara vidhi vidhana ’ , he will end up in grahani dosha . Dr.Thejaswini.R 33

34. CONCLUSION : Agni pareeksha is the most important criteria in Ayurveda because the treatment depends on the efficiency of patient’s digestion & assimilation. I f agni is not optimum whatever medicines given is of no use. Even in swastha the role of agni is highly emphasized for a healthy living. युक्तं भुक्तवतो युक्तो धातुसाम्यं समं पचन् ||Cha Chi 5 || If the agni is in normal state and if the individual consumes maatravat ahara , there will be proper digestion of food, which forms ‘ dhathu samyatha ’. Dr.Thejaswini.R 34

35. lÉÉpÉÉåeÉlÉålÉ MüÉrÉÎalÉSÏïmrÉiÉå lÉÉÌiÉpÉÉåeÉlÉÉiÉç rÉjÉÉ ÌlÉËUlkÉlÉÉå uÉÌ»ûUsmÉÉå uÉÅiÉÏlkÉlÉÉuÉ×iÉ : || ca.ci.15/211|| Acharya Charaka quoted a simile that, just as fire gets extinguished or smothered without fuel or with excessive fuel. Similarly the jataragni cannot be activated by absolute fasting or over eating. One should take proper quantity of food to keep the agni intact. रोगा सर्वे अपि मन्दे अग्नौ ||AH ni 12/1|| Impaired agni is the route cause of all diseases. Dr.Thejaswini.R 35

36. Dr.Thejaswini.R 36

37. THUS, Agni vaishamya Improper digestion of the food Food residue AMA Dr.Thejaswini.R 37

38. Dr.Thejaswini.R 38 AMA AMA

39. AMA INTRODUCTION : Ama means the substance which remains uncooked or improperly digested or not converted into the suitable material for the body. Dr.Thejaswini.R 39

40. ETYMOLOGY : AÉqÉ : AÉqÉ = AÉ + qÉ AÉ = Nearer qÉ = Poison AqÉ + bÉgÉç || zÉoSMüsmÉSìÓqÉ || The word ama is derived from AqÉ + bÉgÉç mÉëirÉrÉ ÌlÉÂÌ£ü : AqrÉiÉå aÉqrÉiÉå mÉYuÉɱjÉïqÉç CÌiÉ AÉqÉÈ | || v ÉoSMüsmÉSìÓqÉ || Aama is the outcome of Improper digestion Word Meaning : Raw, Uncooked, Unripe, Immature, Undigested. Dr.Thejaswini.R 40

41. DEFINATION : FwqÉhÉÉå s smÉoÉsÉiuÉålÉ kÉÉiÉÑqÉɱÉqÉmÉÉÍcÉiÉqÉç | SÒ¹qÉÉqÉÉ vÉ rÉaÉiÉqÉç UxÉqÉÉqÉÇ mÉëcɤÉiÉå || A.H. Su 13/25 || Due to alpa bala of agni , adhya dhatu (rasa dhatu ) is not formed properly which is retained in amashaya is called ama . AÉqÉÉzÉrÉxjÉÈ MüÉrÉÉalÉåSÉæoÉïsrÉÉSÌuÉmÉÉÍcÉiÉÈ | Aɱ AÉWûÉU kÉÉiÉÑrÉïÈ xÉ AÉqÉ CÌiÉ MüÐÌiÉïiÉÈ || Ma.Ni 25/1 || As a result of weakness of Jatharagni located in amashaya there is formation of avipakva ahararasa , which is said to be ama . Dr.Thejaswini.R 41

42. AmÉcrÉqÉÉlÉÇ zÉÑ£üiuÉÇ rÉÉirɳÉÇ ÌuÉwÉÂmÉiÉÉqÉç || Cha.Chi 15/44|| The weak action of agni resulting in immature undigested food which is not assimilated and is the prime cause for the diseases is termed ama . AÉqÉqɳÉUxÉÇ MãüÍcÉiÉç , MãüÍcɨÉÑ qÉsÉxÉÇcÉrÉqÉç | mÉëjÉqÉÉÇ SÉãwÉSÒ̹ cÉ MãüÍcÉSÉqÉÇ mÉëcɤÉiÉã || || Ma.Ni25/1 - 5, madhukosha|| A few scholars consider apakva ahararasa as ama while others assume ama to be the accumulation of mala and a few others consider it as early stages of dosha dushti ( Vyadhi ). Dr.Thejaswini.R 42

43. Swaroopa of Ama : AÌuÉmÉYuÉqÉxÉÇrÉÑ£üÇ SÒaÉïlkÉÇ oÉWÒû ÌmÉÎcNûsÉqÉç | xÉSlÉÇ xÉuÉïaÉɧÉÉhÉÉqÉÉqÉ CirÉÍpÉkÉÏrÉiÉã || Ma.Ni 25 || Incompletely digested substance Has a foul odour Sticky in nature Produces lethargy in body Dr.Thejaswini.R 43

44. Ama Hetu : lÉ cÉ ZÉsÉÑ MåüuÉsÉqÉÌiÉqÉɧÉÉqÉåuÉÉWûÉUÉïÍzÉqÉÉqÉmÉëSÉåwÉMüUÍqÉcNûÎliÉ , AÌmÉ iÉÑ ZÉsÉÑ aÉÑ ¤ÉzÉÏiÉzÉÑwMü̲¹ÌuɹÎqpÉ, ÌuÉSɽzÉÑÍcÉÌuÉ®ÉlÉÉqÉMüÉsÉå cÉɳÉmÉÉlÉÉlÉÉqÉÑmÉxÉåuÉlÉÇ MüÉqÉ ¢ üÉåkÉ sÉÉåpÉ qÉÉåWåûwrÉÉï¾ûÏzÉÉåMü qÉÉlÉÉå²åaÉ pÉrÉÉåmÉiÉmiÉqÉlÉxÉÉ uÉÉ rÉS³ÉmÉÉlÉqÉÑmÉrÉÑerÉiÉå, iÉSmrÉÉqÉqÉåuÉ mÉëSÕwÉrÉÌiÉ || || Cha.vi 2/8|| Ahara karana : Abhojana , Atibhojana,ajirnabhojana , Vishmasana , Asatmyabhojana , Viruddhabhojana , Dwishta - Asuchi bhojana , Guru, Ruksa , Sita , Sushka , Vistambhi and Vidahi bhojana . Vihara karanas : Vegavidharana , jagarana , d ukha s hayya . Manasika karanas : Food consumption while afflicted with mental instability due to Kama, Krodha , Lobha , Moha , Irsya , Soka , Mana , Udvega , Bhaya etc. Dr.Thejaswini.R 44

45. Shodhana vibhrama : Faulty administration of Virecana , Vamana , Sneha Karma. Anya karana : Desa , Kala, Ritu Vaismya and Vyadhikarshana . DIFFERENT FORMS OF AMA: ( M.N 25/1-5,Madhukosha)   Dr.Thejaswini.R 45

46. 1) Apakva Anna/rasa Roopa Ama : A . Apakva Annaroopa Ama :   The ingested food when improperly digested due to durbala Jatharagni , gets accumulated in the Amashaya is termed Āma . This is appropriately the “ Apakva Anna Rupa Ama ”. B. Apakva Annarasa Roopa Ama : Improperly digested Anna Rasa does not participate in the dhatvagni paka while remaining in Amashaya it gains “ Amatva ”. This is known as the Apakva Annarasa Rupa Ama . Acharya Sushruta considers the Apakva Annarasa Rupa Ama as the cause of Karshya and Sthaulya , as the dhatu receive their nutrition from this Ahara Rasa. Dr.Thejaswini.R 46

47. 2) Mala Sanchaya Roopa Ama :   Accumulation of Mala in the body is termed as Ama that includes : - Purisha , Mootra and Sweda , Kha malas , Aparipakwa dhatus , Prakupita Vata , Pitta and Kapha , O ther factors which are harmful to body. Dr.Thejaswini.R 47

48.   3) Prathama Doshadushti : The initial state of Dosha vitiation is also called as Ama . While elaborating the treatment of Amaja Sotha , Ach.Chakrapani has explained that the Doshas will be in apakvavastha during the first phase of vitiation. Acc to Ach.Sushrutha , Prathama Dosha dushti is ‘ Sanchayavastha ’ . W here t he Dosha gets accumulated at their own sthana . Dr.Thejaswini.R 48

49. 4) Dosha Murchana janya Ama : The Ama , formed when the highly vitiated Dosha interacts with each other, just as how the toxic substance is produced from Kodrava . Dr.Thejaswini.R 49

50. 5) Amavisha : विरुध अध्यशन अजीर्ण शीलिनः पुनरामदोशं आमविषमित्यचक्षते भिषजः विषसद्रुष लिंगत्वात् ॥ Cha.Vi 2/12|| The Amadosha formed by unwholesome food habits like Viruddhasana , Adhyasana , Ajirnasana is knwon as Amavisa . स दुष्टो अन्नं न तत् पचति लघ्वपि । अपच्यमानं शुक्तत्वं यात्यन्नं विषरूपताम् ॥ ॥ Cha.chi 5/44 ॥ Due to all these reasons the ingested hara will not get properly digested . It retains in the Amashaya , gets vitiated and further transforms into visha .   Dr.Thejaswini.R 50

51. Symptomatology of Amavisha closely resembles to that 3 conditions of food poisoning They are : Botulism Toxic Gastro-enteritis Infective Gastro-enteritis Dr.Thejaswini.R 51

52. ROLE OF AMA IN THE PRODUCTION OF VYADHIS : आहारस्य रसः शेषो यो न पक्वो अग्नि लाघवात् | स मूलं सर्वरोगाणां आमं इत्यभिधीयते || M NI 25/1-5 T he remnant of ahara rasa which is not digested due to weak agni becomes the root cause of all diseases. Dr.Thejaswini.R 52

53. Ama Vyadhi Lakshana : आलस्य तन्द्रा ह्रुदयाविशुधिः दोषप्रव्रुत्ताकुल मूत्रभावॆः | गुरूदरत्वं अरुचि सुप्ततात्भिः आमान्वितं व्यधिं उदाहरन्ति || Y.R || Laziness , drowsy, discomfort in chest, distress, improper urge for stools and urination, heaviness in belly , anorexia, inactivity are the features of ama vyadhi / ama avastha . Dr.Thejaswini.R 53

54. Diseases due to Ama : Dr.Thejaswini.R 54 ABHYANTRA ROGA MARGA MADHYAMA ROGA MARGA BAHYA ROGA MARGA Amajirna Vishtabdhajirna Vidagdhajirna Visuchika Vimlambika Alasaka Grahani Chardi Atisara Hrudroga Pakshaghata Ardita Amavata Medoroga Prameha Urustambha Shopha

55. Dr.Thejaswini.R 55

56. Sama Defination आमेन तेन संपृक्ता दोष दूष्याश्च दूषिताः । साम इत्युपदिश्यन्ते ये च रोगाः तत् उद्भवाः ॥ || Ah.hr Su 13/27|| Sama is a condition manifested due to amalgamation of dosha & dushya with ama resulting into formation of various kinds of disorders. Dr.Thejaswini.R 56

57. SAMA DOSHA LAKSHANA : स्रोतोरोधबलभ्रंश गौरवानिल मूढताः । आलस्यापक्तिनिष्टीव मलसङ्गारुचिक्लमाः ॥ लिङ्गं मलानां सामानाम् ……………….॥ || Ah su 13 || Obstruction in srotas , diminution of strength, heaviness, disturbance in the normal movements of vata , drowsiness, indigestion, excessive secretions from oral cavity, obstruction for urine and stool, lack of desire towards food, exhaustion. Dr.Thejaswini.R 57

58. Sama - Nira m a Dosha Lakshana : Dr.Thejaswini.R 58 साम निराम वात विबन्ध , अग्निसाद , तन्द्रा आन्त्रकूजन,वेदना , शोथ , निस्तोद Aggravtes with  स्नेह , प्रातःकाल , मेघागम , निशि विशुद , रूक्ष , निर्विबन्ध , अ ल्पवेदना शमन with स्नेह पित्त दुर्गन्ध , हरीत , श्याव , अ म्ल , घनं , गुरु , अम्लीका , कण्ठ ह्रृद् दाह आताम्र पीत , अत्युष्णं , कटुरस , अ स्थिर , पक्वं , विगन्धि , रोचन , पाचन , बल्य कफ़ आ विल , तन्तुल , स्त्यान : कण्ठोपलेप , दुर्गन्ध , क्षुधानाश , उद्गारनाश फ़ेनिल , पिण्डित , पाण्डु , निःसार , छेदक , मुखशोधक

59. SAMA DHATU VIKARA : (Ch Su 28) Dr.Thejaswini.R 59 Sama rasaja Sama raktaja Sama mamsaja Sama medaja Sama asthi Sama majja Sama shukra Jwara , Aruchi , Anga marda , Pandu , Klaibya , Tandra Guda paka , Mukha paka , Rakta – pitta , Vata rakta , Indra - Lupta , Vidradhi Gandamala , Mamsake e la, Adhimamsa Arbuda , Alaji , Upajihvika Prameha Nidra , Tandra , Daha , Ashta nindita purusha Asthi shoola , Asthi bheda , Dantashool , Danta bheda Nakha dosha Bhrama , Murcha , Tamo darshana Klaibya , Garbha srava , Aharshana

60. Sama - Nirama Mala Lakshanas : Dr.Thejaswini.R 60 साम निराम मूत्र इक्षुमेह, उदकमेह etc प्राक्रुत मूत्र त्याग पुरीष अप्सु अवसीधति, दुर्गन्ध , पिच्छिल उत्प्लवते जले , लघवम् , पक्व मल त्याग .

61. Dr.Thejaswini.R 61

62. MODERN CONCEPT OF AMA Ama can be understood as the intermediary products of metabolism of proteins, fats and the carbohydrates. Ama can be compared to unstable reactive, free radicals which are the main causes of numerous diseases and degenerative changes in the body. Dr.Thejaswini.R 62

63. INCOMPLET E METABOLISM OUTCOME RESULT Proteins Accumulation of Uric acid Gouty Arthritis Carbohydrate and fat Lactic acid Myalgia, Rheumatism Haemoglobin Methahaemoglobin Methahaemoglobin aemia Dr.Thejaswini.R 63

64. Correlation of Ama & Free Radicals Dr.Thejaswini.R 64 PROPERTIES AMA FREE RADICALS DEFINITION Product of incomplete metabolism It is an atom or a molecule containing one or more unpaired electron,highly unstable and reactive EXOGENOUS CAUSES Mithya ahara and vihara Pollutants, dangerous chemicals , Certain types of food products ENDOGENOUS CAUSES Resultant of mandagni Due to deficiency of enzymes

65. PRESENTING FORM   Incomplete digestion and metabolism It contains one or more unpaired electrons, which requires neutralization by free radical scavengers. Thus it exists in an incomplete metabolic state. An inassimilable state of Ama Free radicals are inassimilable to body components and exist in free state. Foul smell of Ama Putrefication leads to foul smell after destruction of cells by free radicals. Ama sticks to normal healthy body tissues due to its pichchilata To seek stability in their structure they quickly interact with the healthy molecules of the body thus setting chain reaction. Dr.Thejaswini.R 65

66. Site of Formation Agn i pervades in each and every cell of the body. Dhatvagnimandya in cells lead to formation of Ama . So it can be formed in any part of the body. The production of free radical can take place in any cell of the body. Dr.Thejaswini.R 66

67.     Disease Production Dhatvagni Daurbalya Impaired action of free radical scavengers Sanchaya of Ama Increased production of free radicals at the site Prasara of Ama Circulation of free radicals Sthana samshraya at the site of khavaigunya Starts reaction with the weak cell membrane. Production of disease Production of disease Dr.Thejaswini.R 67

68. Dr.Thejaswini.R 68 DIET AND MANAGEMENT

69. AGNI : By following : Dincharya , rutucharya , ashta vidhaahara – vidhi - visheshayatana,ahar vidhi - vidhana etc ., will strengthen the agni and thus keeps the person healthy . Intake of appropriate food that is good for each constitution, which is having Shad rasa yukta , Snigdha and ushna gunas , Matravat ahara should be consumed. By understanding Agni in ones body management of health becomes easy. Dr.Thejaswini.R 69

70. AMA : Katu , tikta , kashaya rasa pradhana ahara should be consumed . Vegetables: steamed vegetables ,Lots of greens ; No root/sweet vegetables or mushrooms Grains : Less wheat and oats . Kichadi ; barley , millet, rice Fruit: No sweet fruit. lemon , lime, grape fruit can be taken. Nuts : None, some pumpkin seeds Dairy: None . No bread/ pastries Goats' milk is slightly astringent and is less Kapha forming Meat: No shellfish, fish, fats, red meat, pork, eggs Oils: None. Ghee can be taken in small quantities or mustard oil Sweeteners: None . Sugar is ama forming. Honey can be taken (2 tsp /day). Drinks: Ginger, cinnamon, cardamom , fennel Dr.Thejaswini.R 70

71. Conclusion : Ama is formed due to ‘ mandagni ’. It may impair the mechanism of the GI system. Also hampers the homeostasis of dosha , dhatu , mala. Severity of a disease is understood through the theory of free radicals in the contemporary science , while in Ayurveda it is understood by the concept of A ma . Dr.Thejaswini.R 71

72. Perhaps , we can conclude that the concept of A ma which forms the pathological basis of Ayurveda , is the original source of the free radical theory, which is the future parameter to measure the depth of the pathology. Dr.Thejaswini.R 72

73. Dr.Thejaswini.R 73

74. Dr.Thejaswini.R 74 THANK YOU